Variations of cosmic rays according to the data of interplanetary probes Zond-3 and Venus-2

Cosmic ray intensity variation measured by Zond 3 and Venus 2 interplanetary probe

Capture of particles of dust by convective flow

Interaction of particles of dust with vortex convective flows is under theoretical consideration. It is assumed that the volume fraction of solid phase is small, variations of density due to nonuniform distribution of particles and those caused by temperature nonisothermality of medium are comparable. Equations for the description of thermal buoyancy convection of a dusty medium are developed in the framework of the generalized Boussinesq approximation taking into account finite velocity of particle sedimentation. The capture of a cloud of dust particles by a vortex convective flow is considered, general criterion for the formation of such a cloud is obtained. The peculiarities of a steady state in the form of a dust cloud and backward influence of the solid phase on the carrier flow are studied in detail for a vertical layer heated from the sidewalls. It is shown that in the case, when this backward influence is essential, a hysteresis behavior is possible. The stability analysis of the steady state is performed. It turns out that there is a narrow range of governing parameters, in which such a steady state is stable.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, published in Physics of Fluid

Results of the study of the relationship between the number of rolling stock units of freight road transport and gross regional products

Road transport is an important branch of the national economy. This is due to many of its advantages compared to other modes of transport, primarily high mobility and the ability to deliver goods “to the doorstep”. The activities of road freight transport are carried out within two main groups. The first group is transportation carried out under contracts between business entities, the second — to meet their own technological needs of business entities. Information on the first group contains official statistical reporting, information on the second group is missing. This situation leads to the impossibility of an objective assessment of the impact of road transport on the socio-economic development of regions, causing inadequate reactions in the systems of road transport, for example, in the areas of regulation of the structure of road transport and personnel training. This is the reason for the relevance of the work. The aim of the work is to establish the relationship between the number of rolling stock of freight road transport and indicators of gross regional products (GRP), taking into account parts of gross regional products by industry. As the approach used, the hypothesis is used that: the socio-economic development of the regions is impossible without an efficiently functioning freight road transport; The existing official information support of the state and activity of road freight transport does not allow an objective assessment of its impact on the socio-economic development of the regions. The methodological apparatus of the study is based on the application of the principles of system analysis, methods of mathematical statistics, in particular, correlation and regression analysis. The paper uses the official statistical information of Rosstat on road freight transportation, the number of trucks in the regions, gross regional products and parts of gross regional products by industry. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identified relationship between the number of trucks and gross regional products of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as parts of gross regional products by industry, characterized by the establishment of general and particular relationships between economic and technical indicators. The novelty of the study is a toolkit for managing road freight transport. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of tools for managing the operation of road transport to regulate the structure of freight vehicles in accordance with the objectives of the development of the regions. Directions for further research are to apply the above methodology to passenger road transport for the development of a management system for regional transport systems

Coherent influence of RF field on the gamma-optical properties of a medium upon crossing-anticrossing of nuclear levels

A new approach to the observation of electromagnetic-induced transparency in gamma optics is proposed. For this purpose, the propagation of a resonant gamma photon in a 57Fe magnetic medium affected by an external radiofrequency (RF) field is considered. It is demonstrated that, in the case of crossing-anticrossing, a resonant RF field significantly transforms gamma-optical properties of the medium that become dependent on its parameters. This allows coherent control of the group velocity of gamma photons and controlled filtering of unpolarized gamma radiation in the sample to be realized. © Nauka/Interperiodica 2007

Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol-/cannabidiolic acid-rich hemp oil in juvenile cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

IntroductionCannabinoids are increasingly popular in human and veterinary medicine and have been studied as an alternative treatment for a wide range of disorders. The goal of this study was to perform a pharmacokinetic analysis of oral cannabidiol (CBD)-/cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)-rich hemp oil (CBD/ArHO) in juvenile cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).MethodsAfter a 2 mg/kg CBD/ArHO pilot study, 4 and 8 mg/kg direct-to-mouth CBD/ArHO were administered (n = 4 per dose) once daily for 14 days and blood was collected at 0-, 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 24-h, and on Days 7 and 14, to quantify serum cannabinoid concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Serum biochemistries and complete blood counts were performed on Days 0, 1, and 14.ResultsThe maximum mean serum concentration (Cmax) of CBDA was 28.6–36.2 times that of CBD at 4 and 8 mg/kg. At 8 mg/kg, the Cmax of CBD was 1.4 times higher (p = 0.0721), and CBDA was significantly 1.8 times higher (p = 0.0361), than at 4 mg/kg. The maximum mean serum concentration of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was 4.80 ng/mL at 8 mg/kg. Changes in serum biochemistries and complete blood counts over time were not clinically significant.DiscussionGiven the low serum CBD concentrations, the doses and frequency used in this study may be insufficient for a therapeutic effect of CBD in particular; therefore, clinical studies are needed to determine the therapeutic dose of CBD and CBDA for macaques, which may differ based on the disorder targeted

Thrombosis: a note of caution! What a district therapist important to know about for patients after orthopedic surgery

The purpose of this article is to attract the attention of primary care physicians to the problem of prevention of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) in patients after orthopaedic surgeries. The article presents a complex approach to the prevention of VTEC in patients after arthroplasty of large joints, and provides a brief overview of oral anticoagulants used in modern clinical practice, depending on the level of venoocclusive disease on the one hand and development of undesirable side effects on the other hand. Taking into account the fact, that the average time of incidence of thromboembolic complications (VTEC) after arthroplasty of large joints is from 12 to 34 days, it is necessary for outpatient doctors to participate actively in prophylaxis of VTEC, early detection of clinical symptoms of thromboembolic complications, as well as in evaluation of undesirable side effects arising on the background of anticoagulants intake. This, in turn, will allow minimizing the mortality rate in patients of all age groups after orthopaedic surgeries.Целью данной статьи является привлечение внимания врачей первичного звена к проблеме профилактики венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЗО) у пациентов после ортопедических операций. Представлен комплексный подход к профилактике ВТЭО у пациентов после артропластики крупных суставов, проведен краткий обзор оральных антикоагулянтов, применяющихся в современной клинической практике в зависимости от уровня окклюзионного поражения вен с одной стороны и развитием нежелательных побочных реакций с другой. С учетом того, что средние сроки возникновения тромбоэмболических осложнений (ТЭО) после артропластики крупных суставов составляют от 12 до 34 дней, необходимо активное участие врачей амбулаторно-поликлинического звена в профилактике ВТЭО, в своевременном выявлении клинических симптомов ТЭО и оценке нежелательных побочных реакций на фоне приема антикоагулянтов. Это в свою очередь позволит минимизировать летальность у пациентов всех возрастных групп после ортопедических операций

Post-vaccination immunity phenotypes upon usage of EpiVacCorona vaccine in the persons who suffered COVID-19

The dominance of reliably immunized population is a fundamental factor in prevention of COVID-19 pandemia, with immune prophylaxis taking a dominant position. Due to lack of clear data on the intensity of specific immunity after a new coronavirus infection, consolidation of immunological memory by vaccination becomes the urgent task, in order to exclude the risk of re-involvement of previously ill patients into the epidemic process. Meanwhile, many questions related to vaccination of COVID-19 survivors do not get distinct answers. To study the features of immune response, using a vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens (EpiVacCorona), we monitored 81 participants. The inclusion criteria were data confirming COVID-19 in the anamnesis (medical documentation), low levels or absence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, and negative PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2. When assessing the data of post-vaccinal immunity checked 21 days after 1st dose of the vaccine, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those who did not respond, and those who developed the immune response. In order to identify possible reasons for different phenotypic patterns of humoral response to vaccination, a comparative analysis of B lymphocyte indexes was carried out in these groups. Absolute counts, subpopulation composition and activation potential of peripheral blood B lymphocytes were determined by flow cytofluorometry using appropriate labeled monoclonal antibodies purchased from Beсkman Coulter. Comparative analysis of B lymphocyte indexes on the day of first vaccination showed that the persons who did not respond to the vaccine had smaller counts of circulating B cells, i.e., both percentage and absolute cell numbers, than in comparison group, as well as changed ratio of B1-to-B2 subpopulations. After administration of the first vaccine dose (by day +21), in alternative variant of the antibody response to V1, the differences in the parameters of B cells were presented as a smaller percentage and absolute numbers of regulatory B lymphocytes in non-responding participants. Moreover, the contents of minor B cell subpopulations were decreased in the non-responding group than in the comparison group, thus affecting the values of the B1:B2 ratio. In general, the presented data demonstrate that the absence of secondary immune response to antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 peptide vaccine could be is associated with altered differentiation of B1 and B2 subpopulations, B regulatory lymphocytes, B memory cells

Mechanisms of formation of hybrid immunity in people who recovered from COVID-19 and were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens

The relevance of the current epidemic situation of a new coronavirus infection is determined by new strains of the virus and the registration of cases of re-infection in COVID-19 survivors earlier. In this regard, the questions about the expediency and nature of vaccination of those who have been ill attract close attention, moreover it has affected the formation of the concept of “hybrid immunity”. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the parameters of the immune system, reflecting their regulatory and functional potential, in response to the introduction of the peptide vaccine EpiVacCorona to persons who have suffered from the new coronavirus infection. To study the features of the formation of hybrid immunity, a retrospective analysis of the observation of 43 study participants was carried out. The inclusion criteria were data confirming COVID-19 in mild and moderate forms of the course in the period from six months to a year ago, a low level or absence of antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein SARS-CoV-2, a negative PCR result for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the absence of comorbid pathology. The subpopulation composition, regulatory and functional potential of the immune system were determined by flow cytofluorimetry using a set of monoclonal antibodies corresponding to the goals. 21 days after the administration of a single dose of EpiVacCorona, antibodies to the vaccine peptide antigens were registered in all study participants at the highest coefficient of positivity values for the SARS-CoV-2-IgG-Vector test system used. In addition, there was a fourfold increase in the number of specific IgG to the N protein. A specific immune response to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigens was accompanied by a decrease in the circulation of the number of monocytes expressing TLR4, T helper cells expressing the interaction coreceptor with antigen-presenting cells, unconnected B memory with an increase in the number of B lymphocytes expressing the CD40 T-B coreceptor interaction molecule. The remaining differences in the functioning of the immune system identified in patients with COVID-19 before the vaccination in comparison with the control data have not changed. The differences consist in a decrease in the proportion of monocytes expressing HLA-DR, an increase in the expression of interaction molecules on T and B lymphocytes, an increase in the number of Treg, B1 cells, activated B lymphocytes with a decrease in the proportion of suppressor Breg and B memory. The totality of the presented data demonstrates that the COVID-19 infection that preceded vaccination in mild and moderate clinical course contributes to the formation of immunological memory, which made it possible to form a secondary immune response even to a single injection of peptide antigens of the virus