Formation of a pentagonal particle structure from copper nanoclusters

The structure of pentagonal particles and the processes of their formation from nanoclusters with the fifthorder symmetry axes are investigated by the methods of computer modeling and scanning electron-ion microscopy using copper as an example. It is demonstrated that the mechanism of cluster growth to pentagonal particles can be realized at which the volumetric stress present in noncrystal clusters will be released without breaking of the fifth-order symmetry of the growing cluster shapeye

Modern Japanese paintings (Yoga) and Cultural Interaction Studies -The artworks of Kanokogi, Yorozu, Maeta, and painters following the French Salon de Mai group of artists-

Since the Edo era, among the collections of modern Japanese art, "Yoga", or oil paintings followed Chinese culture and paintings，but subsequent new developments in "Yoga" were achieved during the Meiji era by gradually stepping out of the traditional ways of Chinese painting. This article presents a new aspect of cultural interaction studies in Japanese modern "Yoga" by considering the works of Japanese artists such as Kanokogi Takeshiro, Yorozu Tetsugoro, Maeta Kanji, and those who were greatly influenced by the French group of artists called the "Salon de Mai". The painters discussed in this article were active in the Meiji, Taisho, and early Showa eras as well as the period immediately after the 2nd World War. The characteristics of their painting are analyzed in order to examine a new category of studies of cultural interaction on Japanese art history through an introduction of artistic modification and interaction with Western culture. The artworks of Japanese painters who appreciated artistic skills in Western-style art and culture are discussed, but this article places a particular emphasis on how modern Japanese "Yoga" has been evaluated in the history of Japanese art.文部科学省グローバルCOEプログラム 関西大学文化交渉学教育研究拠点東アジアの言語と表

Influence of agricultural development and climate changes on the drainage valley density of the southern half of the Russian Plain

© 2016 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation / the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion ResearchThe southern half of the Russian Plain is characterized by a relatively short history of intensively ploughed lands. The duration varies from approximately three centuries in the southern part of the forest zone to less than one century in some parts of the steppe zone. It was found that after cultivation, on more than 40% of lands in river basins the drainage valley density (Ddv) decreased by 15–58% in all landscape zones. In the first stage, the Ddv decrease was mostly associated with increasing surface runoff coefficient after cultivation of virgin lands with proportional decreases in groundwater runoff. In the second stage, usually after reaching areas of arable lands in river basins >60%, the volume of eroded sediments entering small river channels exceeded the transport capacities of the permanent watercourses. As a result, the river channels completely silted. In later stages, the sediment redistribution cascade within the small river basins of the Russian Plain stabilized because of the increasing proportion of sediment eroded from the basin areas and re-deposited before entering the river channels because of the increasing area of sediment sinks due to the increase in dry valley lengths and total areas. The morphological parameters of small valleys and groundwater discharges are the key parameters that affect the intensity of small river aggradation on the regional scale

Mechanical properties of mass-produced nanostructured titanium

The structure and mechanical properties of nanostructured titanium VT1-0 derived using an ingenious method which combines helical and longitudinal rolling are studied in comparison with the properties of commercial titanium alloys VT6 and VT16, as well as VT1-0 in a coarse-grained stateye

Optical and Tribological Properties of PVD/CVD Diamond-like Carbon Films

The optical and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by the combination of magnetron sputtering of graphite and plasmochemical dissociation of methane were studied. It was established that at methane concentration in the gas mixture Ar/CH4 at about 5–10 % the formation of DLC films with refraction index n 2.0, microhardness larger than 1000 HK and friction coefficient of 0.06–0.08 becomes possible

A novel spin wave expansion, finite temperature corrections and order from disorder effects in the double exchange model

The magnetic excitations of the double exchange (DE) model are usually discussed in terms of an equivalent ferromagnetic Heisenberg model. We argue that this equivalence is valid only at a quasi--classical level -- both quantum and thermal corrections to the magnetic properties of DE model differ from any effective Heisenberg model because its spin excitations interact only indirectly, through the exchange of charge fluctuations. To demonstrate this, we perform a novel large S expansion for the coupled spin and charge degrees of freedom of the DE model, aimed at projecting out all electrons not locally aligned with core spins. We generalized the Holstein--Primakoff transformation to the case when the length of the spin is by itself an operator, and explicitly constructed new fermionic and bosonic operators to fourth order in 1/\sqrt{S}. This procedure removes all spin variables from the Hund coupling term, and yields an effective Hamiltonian with an overall scale of electron hopping, for which we evaluate corrections to the magnetic and electronic properties in 1/S expansion to order O(1/S^2). We also consider the effect of a direct superexchange antiferromagnetic interaction between core spins. We find that the competition between ferromagnetic double exchange and an antiferromagnetic superexchange provides a new example of an "order from disorder" phenomenon -- when the two interactions are of comparable strength, an intermediate spin configuration (either a canted or a spiral state) is selected by quantum and/or thermal fluctuations.Comment: 21 pages revtex, 11 eps figure

Formation of the oxide coating on the titanium surface by multipulse femtosecond laser irradiation

The effect of the femtosecond laser irradiation on the formation of oxide layers on the surface of a commercially pure titanium VT1-0 was studied. The methods of X-ray analysis, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies were used to study the structural and phase state of oxide layers. As a result of the femtosecond laser irradiation, the porous multi-phase nanocrystalline oxide coating with a thickness of 50 µm is formed on the titanium surfac

The formation of oxide layers on a titanium surface by irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses

By subjecting technical grade titanium to irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses with highenergy density, we create a microporous nanocrystalline oxide layer with a thickness of ∼50 μm on its surface. The structure and phase composition of the modified surface layers are studied using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopie

Assessment of the trend of degradation of arable soils on the basis of data on the rate of stratozem development obtained with the use of¹³⁷Cs as a сhronomarker

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. A new approach for determining the trend of changes in the rate of degradation of arable soils is suggested. It is based on the assessment of volumes of soil material eroded from arable fields and accumulated on the bottoms of first-order valleys during two time intervals: 1954(1963)−1986 and 1986−2015. For dating of this material, 137 Cs of global fallout and Chernobyl fallout are used. This approach in combination with a detailed morphometric characterization of the valley bottoms, the pathways of sediment transport from the fields, and the morphology and composition of the sediments accumulated on the bottoms makes it possible to give reliable estimates of the volumes of soil loss from tilled slopes. The benchmarks of 1963 and 1986 are related to maximum 137 Cs fallout during nuclear bomb testing and immediately after the Chernobyl accident. As an example, the rates of formation of stratozems (stratified aggraded soils formed due to accumulation of eroded sediments) within the first-order catchment of the Veduga River basin (Voronezh oblast, Russia) are analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the mean annual rate of soil loss from arable fields of the catchment in 1986–2015 was at least two times lower than that in the preceding period from 1954 (the beginning of the global fallout) to 1986 (the Chernobyl accident)

Spatial and temporal features of soil erosion in the forest-steppe zone of the East-European plain

Data on the rate of the erosion-accumulation processes within the sloped junctions of soils studied on key plots in Tula, Kursk, and Belgorod oblasts were analyzedyesBS