Uso della protesi a gravità nella palpebra superiore paralitica per deficit del nervo faciale.

Gli AA. presentano l’esperienza acquisita in 54 pazienti colpiti da paralisi del Faciale, sottoposti ad impianto di protesi aurea nel contesto della palpebra superiore allo scopo di consentire la chiusura della rima palpebrale, ottenendo risultati positivi in 50 casi

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of breast cancer in the ORDET cohort

Background: Interest in the roles of glycemic index (GI) and gly- cemic load (GL) in breast cancer etiology has been stimulated by indications that disease risk is linked to insulinemia, sex hormone bioavailability, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Objective: We aimed to determine whether GI and GL were asso- ciated with the risk of breast cancer in a cohort of Italian women volunteers from Northern Italy, who enrolled between 1987\u20131992 in the Hormones and Diet in the Etiology of Breast Tumors Study (ORDET Study). Design: Volunteers completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected. Dietary GI and GL in relation to breast cancer risk were examined in 8926 cohort women, including 289 with breast cancer identified after a mean follow-up of 11.5 y. Results: The relative risk (RR) of breast cancer in the highest (versus lowest) quintiles of GI and GL was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.36; P for trend = 0.040) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.54, 4.16; P for trend = 0.001), respectively. Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with greater breast cancer risk, but high carbohydrate from high-GI foods was. When women were categorized by baseline menopausal status and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), the increased risk of dietary GL was confined to those who were premenopausal (RR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.81, 8.34) and who had normal BMI (ie, <25) (RR = 5.79; 95% CI: 2.60, 12.90) (P for trend = 0.001 for both). Conclusions: A high-GL diet may increase the risk of breast cancer in Italian women. The effect is particularly evident in premenopausal women and those with BMI < 25

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of breast cancer in the ORDET cohort

Background: Interest in the roles of glycemic index (GI) and gly- cemic load (GL) in breast cancer etiology has been stimulated by indications that disease risk is linked to insulinemia, sex hormone bioavailability, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Objective: We aimed to determine whether GI and GL were asso- ciated with the risk of breast cancer in a cohort of Italian women volunteers from Northern Italy, who enrolled between 1987–1992 in the Hormones and Diet in the Etiology of Breast Tumors Study (ORDET Study). Design: Volunteers completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected. Dietary GI and GL in relation to breast cancer risk were examined in 8926 cohort women, including 289 with breast cancer identified after a mean follow-up of 11.5 y. Results: The relative risk (RR) of breast cancer in the highest (versus lowest) quintiles of GI and GL was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.36; P for trend = 0.040) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.54, 4.16; P for trend = 0.001), respectively. Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with greater breast cancer risk, but high carbohydrate from high-GI foods was. When women were categorized by baseline menopausal status and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), the increased risk of dietary GL was confined to those who were premenopausal (RR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.81, 8.34) and who had normal BMI (ie, <25) (RR = 5.79; 95% CI: 2.60, 12.90) (P for trend = 0.001 for both). Conclusions: A high-GL diet may increase the risk of breast cancer in Italian women. The effect is particularly evident in premenopausal women and those with BMI < 25

Deepening the Mechanisms of Visceral Pain Persistence: An Evaluation of the Gut-Spinal Cord Relationship

The management of visceral pain is a major clinical problem in patients affected by gastrointestinal disorders. The poor knowledge about pain chronicization mechanisms prompted us to study the functional and morphological alterations of the gut and nervous system in the animal model of persistent visceral pain caused by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). This agent, injected intrarectally, induced a colonic inflammation peaking on day 3 and remitting progressively from day 7. In concomitance with bowel inflammation, the animals developed visceral hypersensitivity, which persisted after colitis remission for up to three months. On day 14, the administration of pain-relieving drugs (injected intraperitoneally and intrathecally) revealed a mixed nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic pain originating from both the peripheral and central nervous system. At this time point, the colonic histological analysis highlighted a partial restitution of the tunica mucosa, transmural collagen deposition, infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils, and upregulation of substance P (SP)-positive nerve fibers, which were surrounded by eosinophils and MHC-II-positive macrophages. A significant activation of microglia and astrocytes was observed in the dorsal and ventral horns of spinal cord. These results suggest that the persistence of visceral pain induced by colitis results from maladaptive plasticity of the enteric, peripheral and central nervous systems

Synthesis, Binding Affinity at Glutamic Acid Receptors, Neuroprotective Effects, and Molecular Modeling Investigation of Novel Dihydroisoxazole Amino Acids

The four stereoisomers of 5-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (+)-4, (-)-4, (+)-5, and (-)-5 were prepared by stereoselective synthesis of two pairs of enantiomers, which were subsequently resolved by enzymatic procedures. These four stereoisomers and the four stereoisomers of the bicyclic analogue 5-amino-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aHcyclopenta[d]isoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (+)-2, (-)-2, (+)-3, and (-)-3 were tested at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. The most potent NMDA receptor antagonists [(+)-2, (-)-4, and (+)-5] showed a significant neuroprotective effect when tested in an oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) cell culture test. The same compounds were preliminarily assayed using Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned rat NMDA receptors containing the NR1 subunit in combination with either NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, or NR2D subunit. In this assay, all three derivatives showed high antagonist potency with preference for the NR2A and NR2B subtypes, with derivative (-)-4 behaving as the most potent antagonist. The biological data are discussed on the basis of homology models reported in the literature for NMDA receptors and mGluRs