5,273 research outputs found
A Single Atom Transistor in a 1D Optical Lattice
We propose a scheme utilising a quantum interference phenomenon to switch the
transport of atoms in a 1D optical lattice through a site containing an
impurity atom. The impurity represents a qubit which in one spin state is
transparent to the probe atoms, but in the other acts as a single atom mirror.
This allows a single-shot quantum non-demolition measurement of the qubit spin.Comment: RevTeX 4, 5 Figures, 4 Page
Probing -Spin Correlations in Optical Lattices
We propose a technique to measure multi-spin correlation functions of
arbitrary range as determined by the ground states of spinful cold atoms in
optical lattices. We show that an observation of the atomic version of the
Stokes parameters, using focused lasers and microwave pulsing, can be related
to -spin correlators. We discuss the possibility of detecting not only
ground state static spin correlations, but also time-dependent spin wave
dynamics as a demonstrative example using our proposed technique.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Weakly bound states of polar molecules in bilayers
We investigate a system of two polarized molecules in a layered trap. The
molecules reside in adjacent layers and interact purely via the dipole-dipole
interaction. We determine the properties of the ground state of the system as a
function of the dipole moment and polarization angle. A bound state is always
present in the system and in the weak binding limit the bound state extends to
a very large distance and shows universal behavior.Comment: Presented at the 21st European Conference on Few-Body Problems in
Physics, Salamanca, Spain, 30 August - 3 September 201
A Single Atom Mirror for 1D Atomic Lattice Gases
We propose a scheme utilizing quantum interference to control the transport
of atoms in a 1D optical lattice by a single impurity atom. The two internal
state of the impurity represent a spin-1/2 (qubit), which in one spin state is
perfectly transparent to the lattice gas, and in the other spin state acts as a
single atom mirror, confining the lattice gas. This allows to ``amplify'' the
state of the qubit, and provides a single-shot quantum non-demolition
measurement of the state of the qubit. We derive exact analytical expression
for the scattering of a single atom by the impurity, and give approximate
expressions for the dynamics a gas of many interacting bosonic of fermionic
atoms.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figure
Influence of Polymer Solution on Pump Performances
5In professional warewashing machines, as for example the model of Electrolux Rack Type, the working conditions of the pump are affected by the operating fluid properties, which are different from those of pure water. In fact, the actual trend in this kind of professional appliances is to reduce both energy consumption and time needed for cleaning process: this involves short washing cycles conducted at low temperatures with a solution of water and highly concentrated chemistry. Detergents contain different components and additives, as polymers and surfactants, which can affect the performance of the pump, including cavitation inception conditions. Cavitation leads to flow instabilities, affecting pump performances and inducing an increment in the level of vibrations and noise. While cavitation phenomena in Newtonian fluids is well known, particularly as far as pure water is concerned, in literature there are also various studies on cavitating flows in presence of diluted solutions of polymers additives in water, but only few studies are available regarding the effect of detergent components on pumps cavitation and, in general, on pumps performances. The wide range of variables affecting the phenomenon has led to the development of a laboratory rig for testing centrifugal pumps with aqueous solutions representative of those used in the warewashing sector [1]. This paper presents the results of tests performed with various solutions of a polymer (Polyox WSR301) in water. A rheometric analysis has been previously performed on samples of some of the tested solutions, for characterizing their behavior in terms of both viscosity in laminar conditions and their classification as “diluted” or “concentrated”. For each solution, the resulting performance curves of the pump are then compared with those obtained with pure water.openopenBurlon, F.; Micheli, D.; Furlanetto, R.; Simonato, M.; Cucit, V.Burlon, Fabio; Micheli, Diego; Furlanetto, R.; Simonato, M.; Cucit, Valentin
Cavitation Detection and Prevention in Professional Warewashing Machines
Cavitation is a phenomenon characterised by the presence of vapour bubbles in the fluid led by a local drop in pressure. In literature it is well known the impact on cavitation of pressure and temperature of pure water, but there are only few studies analysing how the presence of certain components of detergents and additives can influence the phenomenon. The impact of detergents and additives could be explained by the modified viscosity and rheology of the solution but also by the variation in the vapour tension. Most of these effects are due to the presence of surfactants and polymers in the solution. Cavitation in dynamic pumps is an important aspect that needs to be monitored and prevented, because it can cause damages affecting pump performances and inducing an increment in the level of vibration and noise. In professional warewashing machines, as for example the models of Electrolux Rack Type, this phenomenon can affect the operating functionalities of the machine. An experimental pump test rig has been realized with the aim of studying and monitoring the influence of these parameters on cavitation inception. This test rig permits measuring the pump performances at various operating conditions, in order to obtain its characteristic curves, and also forcing cavitation to measure its Net Positive Suction Head required (NPSHr) at different flow rates. The pump test rig allows also testing various configurations of the pump at different cavitation conditions, obtained by changing not only the suction pressure and temperature of the fluid but also its properties, adding detergents and additives. Cavitation inception can be detected measuring both the corresponding prevalence decrease and the change of vibration and noise level
Multidrug-resistant HIV viral rebound during early syphilis: a case report
Background Syphilis has been associated with an increase in HIV RNA and a temporary decline in CD4 T cell counts in people living with HIV who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), and may be associated with a transient HIV RNA rebound in those who are receiving ART. Our case is the first to highlight the risk of a multidrug-resistant HIV viral rebound during the course of early syphilis even if antiretroviral drug concentrations are within the therapeutic range. Case presentation This 50-year-old HIV-1-positive male patient with concomitant early syphilis presented with an HIV RNA rebound (8908 copies/mL) during a scheduled visit to our clinic. He was receiving a stable ART regimen consisting of darunavir/cobicistat plus dolutegravir, and had a 15-year history of viral suppression. Good short-term drug adherence could be inferred as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry showed that his trough antiretroviral drug concentrations were within the therapeutic range: darunavir 2353 ng/mL (minimum effective concentration > 500 ng/mL) and dolutegravir 986 ng/mL (minimum effective concentration > 100 ng/mL). A plasma RNA genotype resistance test revealed wild-type virus in the integrase region and protease region (PR), but extensive resistance in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region (M41L, E44D, D67N, K70R, M184V, L210W and T215Y). Phylogenetic analysis of next-generation sequences (used to investigate the presence of minor viral variants), the PR and RT sequences from plasma HIV RNA and pro-viral DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the viral rebound, and a Sanger sequence obtained during a previous virological failure suggested clonal viral expression because the previous PR resistance mutations had been lost or had not been archived in pro-viral DNA. Conclusions This case shows that early syphilis may cause an HIV RNA rebound in patients under stable virological control with the potential of transmitting an extensively drug-resistant virus
Polarization entangled photon-pair source based on quantum nonlinear photonics and interferometry
We present a versatile, high-brightness, guided-wave source of polarization
entangled photons, emitted at a telecom wavelength. Photon-pairs are generated
using an integrated type-0 nonlinear waveguide, and subsequently prepared in a
polarization entangled state via a stabilized fiber interferometer. We show
that the single photon emission wavelength can be tuned over more than 50 nm,
whereas the single photon spectral bandwidth can be chosen at will over more
than five orders of magnitude (from 25 MHz to 4 THz). Moreover, by performing
entanglement analysis, we demonstrate a high degree of control of the quantum
state via the violation of the Bell inequalities by more than 40 standard
deviations. This makes this scheme suitable for a wide range of quantum optics
experiments, ranging from fundamental research to quantum information
applications. We report on details of the setup, as well as on the
characterization of all included components, previously outlined in F. Kaiser
et al. (2013 Laser Phys. Lett. 10, 045202).Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Vacuum Energy Density in the Quantum Yang - Mills Theory
Using the effective potential approach for composite operators, we have
formulated a general method of calculation of the truly non-perturbative
Yang-Mills vacuum energy density (this is, by definition, the Bag constant
apart from the sign). It is the main dynamical characteristic of the QCD ground
state. Our method allows one to make it free of the perturbative contributions
('contaminations'), by construction. We also perform an actual numerical
calculation of the Bag constant for the confining effective charge. Its choice
uniquely defines the Bag constant, which becomes free of all the types of the
perturbative contributions now, as well as possessing many other desirable
properties as colorless, gauge independence, etc. Using further the trace
anomaly relation, we develop a general formalism which makes it possible to
relate the Bag constant to the gluon condensate not using the weak coupling
solution for the corresponding function. Our numerical result for the
Bag constant shows a good agreement with other phenomenological estimates of
the gluon condensate.Comment: 28 pages and 4 figures, typos corrected, added new appendices and new
references in comparison with the published versio
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