Geological Prestudies for the Development of New Ground Water Resources for the Water Supply of Monterrey in Sierra Higueras, Nuevo León, NE-Mexico

Located some 40 km northeast of the city of Monterrey, the Sierra Higueras represents one of the most outstanding morphological features within the foreland of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Due to an increasing demand for water resources for the water supply of the metropolitan area of Monterrey and a growing industry in the state of Nuevo Ledn, the federal water supply agency of Monterrey (Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey) is steadily seeking new groundwater exploitation sites. The first detailed geological mapping of parts of the Sierra Higueras in a scale of 1:10 000 provides a basis for future hydrogeological investigations. Recent information about lithology and the system of joints, faults, and fissures help to locate potential groundwater resource

Microglial CX(3)CR1 promotes adult neurogenesis by inhibiting Sirt 1/p65 signaling independent of CX(3)CL1

Homo and heterozygote cx3cr1 mutant mice, which harbor a green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in their cx3cr1 loci, represent a widely used animal model to study microglia and peripheral myeloid cells. Here we report that microglia in the dentate gyrus (DG) of cx3cr1(-/-) mice displayed elevated microglial sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression levels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) p65 activation, despite unaltered morphology when compared to cx3cr1(+/-) or cx3cr1(+/+) controls. This phenotype was restricted to the DG and accompanied by reduced adult neurogenesis in cx3cr1(-/-) mice. Remarkably, adult neurogenesis was not affected by the lack of the CX(3)CR1-ligand, fractalkine (CX(3)CL1). Mechanistically, pharmacological activation of SIRT1 improved adult neurogenesis in the DG together with an enhanced performance of cx3cr1(-/-)mice in a hippocampusdependent learning and memory task. The reverse condition was induced when SIRT1 was inhibited in cx3cr1(-/-) mice, causing reduced adult neurogenesis and lowered hippocampal cognitive abilities. In conclusion, our data indicate that deletion of CX(3)CR1 from microglia under resting conditions modifies brain areas with elevated cellular turnover independent of CX(3)CL1