Conservation and entanglement of Hermite-Gaussian modes in parametric down-conversion

We show that the transfer of the angular spectrum of the pump beam to the two-photon state in spontaneous parametric down-conversion enables the generation of entangled Hermite-Gaussian modes. We derive an analytical expression for the two-photon state in terms of these modes and show that there are restrictions on both the parity and order of the down-converted Hermite-Gaussian fields. Using these results, we show that the two-photon state is indeed entangled in Hermite-Gaussian modes. We propose experimental methods of creating maximally-entangled Bell states and non-maximally entangled pure states of first order Hermite-Gaussian modes.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Corrections made as per referee comments, references updated. Submitted PR

Estimates for genetic variance components in reciprocal recurrent selection in populations derived from maize single-cross hybrids.

This study was carried out to obtain the estimates of genetic variance and covariance components related to intra- and interpopulation in the original populations (C0) and in the third cycle (C3) of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) which allows breeders to define the best breeding strategy. For that purpose, the half-sib progenies of intrapopulation (P11 and P22) and interpopulation (P12 and P21) from populations 1 and 2 derived from single-cross hybrids in the 0 and 3 cycles of the reciprocal recurrent selection program were used. The intra- and interpopulation progenies were evaluated in a 10 × 10 triple lattice design in two separate locations.The data for unhusked ear weight (ear weight without husk) and plant height were collected. All genetic variance and covariance components were estimated from the expected mean squares. The breakdown of additive variance into intrapopulation and interpopulation additive deviations (??2??) and the covariance between these and their intrapopulation additive effects (CovAr) found predominance of the dominance effect for unhusked ear weight. Plant height for these components shows that the intrapopulation additive effect explains most of the variation. Estimates for intrapopulation and interpopulation additive genetic variances confirm that populations derived from single-cross hybrids have potential for recurrent selection programs

Experimental observation of spatial antibunching of photons

We report an interference experiment that shows transverse spatial antibunching of photons. Using collinear parametric down-conversion in a Young-type fourth-order interference setup we show interference patterns that violate the classical Schwarz inequality and should not exist at all in a classical description.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure

Eficiência de fungicidas para controle de manchas foliares do trigo: resultados dos Ensaios Cooperativos - Safras 2018 e 2019.

As manchas foliares em trigo são doenças de importância econômica global (Kremneva et al, 2020). O complexo de manchas foliares em trigo é causado por um grupo de fungos, sendo os principais patógenos Drechslera triticirepentis (mancha bronzeada ou mancha amarela), Bipolaris sorokiniana (mancha marrom) e Stagonospora nodorum (mancha da gluma). Esses patógenos possuem em comum a alta habilidade saprofítica, os sintomas formam lesões necróticas com halo clorótico e possuem capacidade de sobreviver nas sementes e restos culturais (Fernandes; Picinini, 1999).bitstream/item/224433/1/CircTec-64-o.pd

Performance of Finishing Nellore Beef Steers in Intensively Managed Pastures and Silvopastoral Systems in Southeast of Brazil

This study evaluated the average daily weight gain (ADG), stocking rates, and live weight gain per hectare (LWG) in different intensified animal production systems. The experiment was carried out from September 2020 to September 2021 at Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Thirty Nellore steers (285±21 kg of live weight and 12±13 months old) were randomly distributed into five treatments, with two replicates: 1) intensively managed and irrigated Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzânia pasture overseeded in the dry season with Avena byzantina and Lolium multiflorum (IHS); 2) intensively managed rainfed M. maximus cv. Tanzânia pasture (RHS); 3) intensively managed rainfed pasture with a mix of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk and U. brizantha cv. Marandu (RMS); 4) intensively managed silvopastoral system with U. decumbens cv. Basilisk and Brazilian native trees (312 trees ha-1) (LFS); and 5) extensively managed degraded pasture of U. brizantha cv. Marandu and U. decumbens cv. Basilisk (DP). Data were submitted to analysis of variance considering treatments and seasons as fixed effects, and the interaction between treatment×season was tested. Means were compared by the Fisher test at 5% using the PROC MIXED of SAS. For all parameters, significant interaction was found (P\u3c .0001). In general, higher ADG, stocking rate and LWG values were found for IHS (0.82 kg d-1, 6.03 AU ha-1 and 459.9 kg ha-1, respectively), while the lowest values were found for DP (0.33 kg d-1); for LFS (1.16 AU ha-1); and for LFS and DP (71.0 and 68.9 kg ha-1, respectively). It is important to consider that for LFS the competition for natural resources between the system components (pasture and trees) together with low temperatures and soil moisture during the autumn and winter seasons may explain the unexpected low performances. Overall, our results showed that more intensified systems allowed better animal performances when compared to DP

Procedimentos básicos para monitoramento da parasitofauna de peixes.

Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever os princípios básicos para o monitoramento da parasitofauna de peixes, especialmente das brânquias e muco e consiste no primeiro passo para viabilizar a padronização de ferramentas para auxiliar o produtor a realizar o monitoramento sanitário em sua produção. Esta é uma metodologia simples e acessível, adaptada em laboratório da Embrapa Meio Ambiente para monitorar o estado de saúde dos peixes mantidos em experimentos laboratoriais, e que também pode ser utilizada no campo pelos técnicos e piscicultores.bitstream/item/145131/1/2016CIT01.pd

Resultados da rede de ensaios cooperativos para a resistência à brusone da espiga de trigo (RECORBE), safras 2020 e 2021.

A brusone, causada pelo fungo Pyricularia oryzae Triticum, é uma das principais ameaças fitossanitárias que assolam as regiões tritícolas da América do Sul (Embrapa, 2019). Nesse sentido, existe um conjunto de medidas recomendadas que fazem parte do manejo integrado da brusone, as quais têm por objetivo controlar ou, ao menos, minimizar os efeitos dessa doença no campo. Entretanto, a eficiência das mesmas depende muito das condições climáticas pois, caso tais condições sejam favoráveis à doença, as possibilidades de manejo e de controle da brusone do trigo serão limitadas.ODS-

Anti-Zika Virus Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols and Triterpenes on Vero CCL-81 and Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat associated to neurological disorders in adults and microcephaly in children born to infected mothers. No vaccine or drug is available against ZIKV. We herein report the anti-ZIKV activity of 36 plant extracts containing polyphenols and/or triterpenes. ZIKV-infected Vero CCL-81 cells were treated with samples at non-cytotoxic concentrations, determined by MTT and LDH assays. One third of the extracts elicited concentration-dependent anti-ZIKV effect, with viral loads reduction from 0.4 to 3.8?log units. The 12 active extracts were tested on ZIKV-infected SH-SY5Y cells and significant reductions of viral loads (in log units) were induced by Maytenus ilicifolia (4.5?log), Terminalia phaeocarpa (3.7?log), Maytenus rigida (1.7?log) and Echinodorus grandiflorus (1.7?log) extracts. Median cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of these extracts in Vero cells were higher than in SH-SY5Y lineage. M. ilicifolia (IC50=16.8±10.3??g/mL, SI=3.4) and T. phaeocarpa (IC50=22.0±6.8??g/mL, SI=4.8) were the most active extracts. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of M. ilicifolia extract led to the identification of 7 triterpenes, of which lupeol and a mixture of friedelin/friedelinol showed no activity against ZIKV. The composition of T. phaeocarpa extract comprises phenolic acids, ellagitannins and flavonoids, as recently reported by us. In conclusion, the anti-ZIKV activity of 12 plant extracts is here described for the first time and polyphenols and triterpenes were identified as the probable bioactive constituents of T. phaeocarpa and M. ilicifolia, respectively

A vision-based system to support tactical and physical analyses in futsal

This paper presents a vision-based system to support tactical and physical analyses of futsal teams. Most part of the current analyses in this sport are manually performed, while the existing solutions based on automatic approaches are frequently composed of costly and complex tools, developed for other kind of team sports, making it difficult their adoption by futsal teams. Our system, on the other hand, represents a simple yet efficient dedicated solution, which is based on the analyses of image sequences captured by a single stationary camera used to obtain top-view images of the entire court. We use adaptive background subtraction and blob analysis to detect players, as well as particle filters to track them in every video frame. The system determines the distance traveled by each player, his/her mean and maximum speeds, as well as generates heat maps that describe players’ occupancy during the match. To present the collected data, our system uses a specially developed mobile application. Experimental results with image sequences of an official match and a training match show that our system provides data with global mean tracking errors below 40 cm, demanding on 25 ms to process each frame and, thus, demonstrating its high application potential