Entanglement of macroscopically distinct states of light

Schr\"odinger's famous Gedankenexperiment has inspired multiple generations of physicists to think about apparent paradoxes that arise when the logic of quantum physics is applied to macroscopic objects. The development of quantum technologies enabled us to produce physical analogues of Schr\"odinger's cats, such as superpositions of macroscopically distinct states as well as entangled states of microscopic and macroscopic entities. Here we take one step further and prepare an optical state which, in Schr\"odinger's language, is equivalent to a superposition of two cats, one of which is dead and the other alive, but it is not known in which state each individual cat is. Specifically, the alive and dead states are, respectively, the displaced single photon and displaced vacuum (coherent state), with the magnitude of displacement being on a scale of $10^8$ photons. These two states have significantly different photon statistics and are therefore macroscopically distinguishable

Entangled resource for interfacing single- and dual-rail optical qubits

Today's most widely used method of encoding quantum information in optical qubits is the dual-rail basis, often carried out through the polarisation of a single photon. On the other hand, many stationary carriers of quantum information - such as atoms - couple to light via the single-rail encoding in which the qubit is encoded in the number of photons. As such, interconversion between the two encodings is paramount in order to achieve cohesive quantum networks. In this paper, we demonstrate this by generating an entangled resource between the two encodings and using it to teleport a dual-rail qubit onto its single-rail counterpart. This work completes the set of tools necessary for the interconversion between the three primary encodings of the qubit in the optical field: single-rail, dual-rail and continuous-variable.Comment: Published in Quantu

Strong coupling between excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides and optical bound states in the continuum

Being motivated by recent achievements in the rapidly developing fields of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) and excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, we analyze strong coupling between BICs in $\rm Ta_2O_5$ periodic photonic structures and excitons in $\rm WSe_2$ monolayers. We demonstrate that giant radiative lifetime of BICs allow to engineer the exciton-polariton lifetime enhancing it three orders of magnitude compared to a bare exciton. We show that maximal lifetime of hybrid light-matter state can be achieved at any point of $\mathbf{k}$-space by shaping the geometry of the photonic structure. Our findings open new route for the realization of the moving exciton-polariton condensates with non-resonant pump and without the Bragg mirrors which is of paramount importance for polaritonic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Light-matter interaction between photonic bound states in the continuum and bright excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides

Being motivated by recent achievements in the rapidly developing fields of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) and excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, we analyze strong coupling between BICs in Ta2O5 periodic photonic structures and excitons in WSe2 monolayers. We demonstrate that giant radiative lifetime of BICs allow to engineer the exciton-polariton lifetime enhancing it three orders of magnitude compared to a bare exciton.The work has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (3.1668.2017/4.6), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (16-37-60064) and the President of Russian Federation (Grant MK-403.2018.2)

Strong coupling between excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides and optical bound states in the continuum

Being motivated by recent achievements in the rapidly developing fields of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) and excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, we analyze strong coupling between BICs in Ta 2 O 5 periodic photonic structures and excitons in WSe 2 monolayers. We demonstrate that giant radiative lifetime of BICs allows to engineer the exciton-polariton lifetime enhancing it three orders of magnitude compared to a bare exciton. We show that maximal lifetime of hybrid light-matter state can be achieved at any point of k-space by shaping the geometry of the photonic structure.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (16-37-60064, 17-02- 01234), the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (3.1668.2017/4.6), the President of Rus- sian Federation (MK-403.2018.2

Possibility to use direct oral anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19

Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who have not previously received DOAK by it is not advisable to prescribe POAC for the prevention of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 due to the lack of clinical trial results, significant potential interactions

Dexamethasone use in patients with COVID-19

Dexamethasone may be used for mortality reduction in patients with severe COVID-1

Effective organic matter stock management in agricultural practices: modeling and observation

Long-term fertilization experiments (LTFE), with the focus on analyzing soil fertility indicators and their interrelation with crop have fundamental importance for monitoring, modeling, and controlling the status of soils. Validation datasets from LTFE provide the basis for understanding cropland responses to key natural and management drivers such as climate and productivity, land use changes, soil fertility and greenhouse gas emissions. RothC model was used for simulation soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in several Russian LTFE with mineral and organic fertilization. RothC was able to adequately simulate long-term SOC stock changes in the arable layer of different treatments of fertilization experiments on Podzols, Albeluvisols and Chernozems. Annual C inputs sufficient for maintaining constant SOM stocks and additional C gain were estimated. Simulation of SOC dynamics for plots with no fertilization and the lowest SOC stock revealed that above ground NPP input is sufficient for maintaining constant SOM stocks after conversion to a grassland for forage production and returning FYM in the same plot. The changes in the observed trends for different fields with the same treatments are related to the initial level of soil fertility and different crop-climatic year combinations. This simulation has demonstrated the role of crop rotations and fallowing in SOC dynamics and revealed possible C sequestration in a short-term as it is highly yield-dependent. Agricultural soils are sensitive to small changes of extreme year’s pattern with more expressed loss of the initial C stock under intensive management systems

Assessment of crop yields in modern agriculture on the basis of GIS-Technologies

Information-analytical system of ensuring agricultural technologies was developed on the base of several GIS and models of crop yield.The system included creation of maps of potential yield (function of the natural factors) and possible (function of the real level of the fieldfertility) yield of various crops. These dateswere received in the mass field experiments with fertilizers and in available modern bases ofagrochemical, landscape, climatic parameters. The uneven distribution of natural properties- for example, soil quality, topography, microclimate - on the territory of any size determined a different degree of their suitability for growing different groups of crops. The methodology for calculating the yield of various cropswas based on independent objective assessment of different impact factors bythe methods of linear and nonlinear multiple regression.Modeling results were presented in the form of yield maps with using several GIS.Impact yield factors are divided into two big groups – natural (climate, topography, soils, etc.) and agrochemical (applicationof fertilizers, plant protection agents, intensity of cultivation technologies, etc.)

Current and future use of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19

There are prerequisites for the use of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 in stationary conditions. Remdesivir is not registered in the Russian Federation. The preliminary results of randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of remission are contradictory