Resonance ionization spectroscopy of thorium isotopes - towards a laser spectroscopic identification of the low-lying 7.6 eV isomer of Th-229

In-source resonance ionization spectroscopy was used to identify an efficient and selective three step excitation/ionization scheme of thorium, suitable for titanium:sapphire (Ti:sa) lasers. The measurements were carried out in preparation of laser spectroscopic investigations for an identification of the low-lying Th-229m isomer predicted at 7.6 +- 0.5 eV above the nuclear ground state. Using a sample of Th-232, a multitude of optical transitions leading to over 20 previously unknown intermediate states of even parity as well as numerous high-lying odd parity auto-ionizing states were identified. Level energies were determined with an accuracy of 0.06 cm-1 for intermediate and 0.15 cm-1 for auto-ionizing states. Using different excitation pathways an assignment of total angular momenta for several energy levels was possible. One particularly efficient ionization scheme of thorium, exhibiting saturation in all three optical transitions, was studied in detail. For all three levels in this scheme, the isotope shifts of the isotopes Th-228, Th-229, and Th-230 relative to Th-232 were measured. An overall efficiency including ionization, transport and detection of 0.6 was determined, which was predominantly limited by the transmission of the mass spectrometer ion optics

RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BRIBERY: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS

The article is a critical analysis of legislative amendments to the norms of the current Russian Criminal Code, providing for responsibility for bribery, makes suggestions for their optimization in order to increasing the efficiency of counteraction to this corruption crime

DEPRIVATION OF SPECIAL, MILITARY OF HONOUR RANK, CLASS STATUS AND STATE REWARDS AS A KIND OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT

The article views the poorly investigated issue of deprivation of special, military of honour rank, class status and state rewards as a kind of criminal punishment, its peculiarities. The analysis of cases of deprivation of military ranks, including unlawful, is given

SUBJECTIVE ELEMENT OF BRIBE GIVING AND TAKING: CRIMINAL-LEGAL ANALYSIS

The article views the main elements of subjective aspects of bribe giving and taking. Basing on materials law enforcement practice, the aims and motives of bribe giving and taking are described, as well as forms of guilt