A comparative study of optical properties and X-ray induced luminescence of octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Octahedral metal cluster complexes have high potential for biomedical applications. In order to evaluate the benefits of these moieties for combined CT/X-ray luminescence computed tomography, this paper compares photoluminescence, radiodensity and X-ray induced luminescence properties of eight related octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes [{M 6 I 8 }L 6 ] n (where M is Mo or W and L is I - , NO 3 - , OTs - or OH - /H 2 O). This article demonstrates that despite the fact that molybdenum cluster complexes are better photoluminescence emitters, tungsten cluster complexes, in particular (Bu 4 N) 2 [{W 6 I 8 }I 6 ], demonstrate significantly higher X-ray induced luminescence due to a combination of relatively good photoluminescence properties and high X-ray attenuation. Additionally, photo-degradation of [{M 6 I 8 }(NO 3 ) 6 ] 2- was evaluated

Luminescent coordination polymers based on Ca²⁺ and octahedral cluster anions [{M₆Clⁱ₈}Clᵃ₆}²⁻ (M = Mo, W) : synthesis and thermal stability studies

Luminescent coordination polymers (CPs) based of inexpensive stable precursors are attractive materials for applications. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of the stability and photophysical characteristics of the first examples of phosphorescent CPs based on octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster anions. Specifically 1D CP trans-[{Ca(OPPh₃)₄}{{M₆Clⁱ₈}Clᵃ₆}]∞ (M = Mo, W) can be obtained either directly at increased temperature or via intermediate phases [cis-Ca(OPPh₃)₄(H₂O)₂][{M₆Clⁱ₈}Clᵃ₆]∙2CH₃CN that are stable at room-temperature, but convert to the titled CP at temperatures above 100 °C

Lassa virus: characterization of infectious agent, biological models for pathogenesis studies and variants of vaccine

Lassa virus (LASV) is classified into genus Mammarenavirus of Arenaviridae family. This virus is etiological agent of Lassa fever (LF) which is widespread in Africa. On average, in four out of five infected people, LF occurs without symptoms. The annual incidence ranges from 100,000 to 500,000 registered clinical cases, at a mortality rate of 1-2%. Among hospitalized patients with severe symptoms of hemorrhagic fever, this figure may be from 14 to 89.5%. Signs of an adverse outcome in LF are open bleeding and disorders of CNS (convulsions, tremor, disorientation and coma). Death occurs from multiple organ failure. Severely ill people recover slowly and may have relapses and complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, psychosis, and hearing loss.Transmission of the virus in endemic territories occurs by alimentary way, air-dust and airborne droplets from a zoonotic source – rodents of the species African multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis), by accidental contacts of people with their secretions (urine, feces, saliva) as well as when butchering carcasses and eating rodents. These animals are characterized by asymptomatic carrier and life-long persistence of the virus. Cases of transmission of the virus from person to person through the blood or other body fluids of patients are described. A sick person is contagious for two months, because the virus circulates in the blood despite high levels of antibodies. Infection of medical staff occurs during emergency surgical operations, or when the rules of contact precautions are not observed. Currently, with the ongoing LF outbreak in Nigeria, since 2016, hospitals have registered mortality rates of 22 and 8% for patients and health workers, respectively. During 1969-2016, 33 imported cases of this disease were described from West Africa to non-endemic territories (in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Israel and Japan). The mortality rate among these patients was 39%.The lack of prophylactic vaccines and specific therapeutic drugs is the major challenge for the prevention of LF. Thus, this review considers biological models (cell cultures and animals) that are suitable for studying the pathogenesis of this disease, preclinical studies of the specific activity and harmlessness of candidate vaccines, as well as options for these developments based on the platforms such as inactivated LASV and its DNA, the reassortant of Mopeia arenavirus, and measles virus attenuated strains, recombinant and replication-defective viruses (smallpox vaccine, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, bovine vesicular stomatitis, adenovirus of chimpanzee) and virus-like particles

Octahedral chalcogenide rhenium cluster complexes with imidazole

Reactions of [{Re6Q8}Br6]4−/3− (Q = S, Se) with molten imidazole lead to the formation of two new neutral cluster complexes [{Re6Q8}(imzH)4(imz)2] (imzH = imidazole). The interaction of [{Re6Q8}(imzH)4(imz)2] with hydrohalic acids resulted in cationic complexes [{Re6Q8}(imzH)6]X2 (X = Cl, Br). All compounds were characterised by X-ray single-crystal and powder diffraction analyses, elemental analysis, energy dispersive X-ray and IR spectroscopies. The luminescence of the neutral compounds [{Re6Q8}(imzH)4(imz)2] was also studied

Problematic questions in the development of specific prevention of dengue fever

Dengue fever known from literary sources since the Qin dynasty (265-420) is caused in humans when bitten by Aedes mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus (DENV) and manifests as a flu-like disease. A feverish state can be accompanied by dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and a rash. Approximately 1-2% of infections are clinically presented as the most severe form – it is dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) leading to 500 thousand annual hospitalizations with a mortality rate of about 5% in endemic areas.Four genetically removed DENV serotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) are classified as different types of viruses within the same antigen complex and have almost identical epidemiological features. In 2013 a new serotype DENV-5 was isolated.Until the 1980s in most geographical regions of the world where dengue fever was registered only one or two viral serotypes were detected as an etiological agent of the disease. Over time there is an increase in the cocirculation of four types of viruses which can serve as a key indicator of their global spread. As the “traces” of the four DENV species overlap more and more the threat of severe disease increases due to the phenomenon of antibody-dependent of infection when re-infected with a heterologous viral serotype.Development of specific dengue fever prevention has been underway since 1944 (since the discovery of viral agents of this disease) but the first and so far only licensed in 2015 tetravalent vaccine-Dengvaxia developed by the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi Pasteur has been effective in varying degrees of protection against infection with each of the viral serotypes and in addition dangerous for previously seronegative people. Research aimed at obtaining a safe and effective vaccine is continuing. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are a necessary tool for studying the antigenic structure of viral immunogens as base of prevention preparates against dengue fever

MORTALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND NATURAL INFECTION CAUSED BY HIGHLY PATHOGENIC INFLUENZA VIRUS H5N1

In this paper the data for mortality from experimental infections and natural contamination in different species of poultry is presented. Mortality of natural contamination was identified during the epizootic of influenza in the Novosibirsk area in July 2005. We infected domestic geese, ducks and two breeds of chickens with highly pathogenic influenza virus A/goose/Krasnoozerskoye/627/05 (H5N1) for the experiments constructed

Deratization Activities in the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Post-Flooding Period

Represented is a quantitative characteristic of the objects and facilities in the Jewish Autonomous Region exposed to the flooding-2013. Justified is the necessity for implementation of preventive measures against increase in the activity of HFRS natural foci; showed are the data on disinfestation organization for the prevention of natural-focal infection during the high water and post-flooding period in 2013. Displayed are the results of deratization efficacy control in various administrative units of the entity, calculated using Abbot formula, as well as results of investigation of small rodent population density at the natural stations and substantiation of the barrier disinfestation carrying out. Specified are the areas of the continuous and barrier disinfestation, indicators of Hanta Virus contamination of the rodents caught while performing control over efficacy of deratization works

Нутритивный статус пациентов в длительном критическом состоянии

Material and methods. We examined 23 patients with chronic critical illness who were in a minimally conscious state (MCS) with 10.9±2.5 scores on the FOUR (Full Outline of Unresponsiveness) Score Coma Scale. Indicators of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and energy exchange metabolism were evaluated using specimens sampled in the morning hours. Nutritional support was provided by isocaloric isonitrogenic mixtures.Results. Blood biochemistry showed decreases in total protein and albumin levels in 86.9% and 91.3% of patients, respectively. The tests also revealed decreased concentrations of several amino acids, including essential amino acids: histidine (38.3±13.07 µmol/l), methionine (12.68±3.81 µmol/l), threonine (61.6 [58.5;87.7] µmol/l), tryptophan (33.06±15.95 µmol/l), and non-essential amino acids: arginine (40.50 [22.2; 46.9] µmol/l), glutamic acid (124.5±39.29 µmol/l), tyrosine (37.97±10.12 µmol/l). Some correlations between the concentrations of individual amino acids and other indicators were revealed, such as histidine and CRP (r=–0.68, P=0.043), tryptophan and CRP (r=–0.86, P=0.002), histidine and leukocyte count (r=–0.76, P=0.015), methionine and lysine (r=0.88, P=0.008), methionine and patient's weight (r=–0.68, P=0.042). A relationship between threonine concentration and the level of consciousness on the FOUR scale (r=–0.73, P=0.037) was also found. All patients demonstrated significant alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.Conclusion. Alteration of adequate protein metabolism seems to be the most affected constituent in the nutritional status of patients with chronic critical illness. It is manifested by a decrease in the concentration of total protein and a number of essential and non-essential amino acids, which implies the importance of highprotein nutritional support and correction of the amino acid profile. Цель. Оценить состояние нутритивного статуса пациентов в длительном критическом состоянииМатериал и методы. Обследовали 23 пациента в длительном критическом состоянии, находящихся в минимальном сознании по шкале FOUR (Full Outline of Unresponsiveness), уровень сознания — 10,9±2,5 балла. Оценили показатели углеводного, жирового и белкового обмена, а также энергообмена, забор анализов осуществляли в утренние часы. Нутритивную поддержку обеспечивали изокалорическими изонитрогенными смесями.Результаты. В биохимических показателях крови у 86,9% пациентов выявили сниженное содержание общего белка, у 91,3% — альбумина. При этом отметили также снижение концентрации ряда аминокислот: среди незаменимых — гистидина 38,3±13,07 мкмоль/л, метионина 12,68±3,81 мкмоль/л, треонина 61,6 [58,5; 87,7] мкмоль/л, триптофана 33,06±15,95 мкмоль/л, а среди заменимых — аргинина 40,50 [22,2; 46,9] мкмоль/л, глутаминоваой кислоты 124,5±39,29 мкмоль/л и тирозина 37,97±10,12 мкмоль/л. Выявили корреляционные связи между содержанием некоторых аминокислот и другими показателями пациентов: между концентрацией гистидина и содержанием СРБ (r=–0,68, p=0,043), а также между концентрациями триптофана и СРБ (r =–0,86, p=0,002), концентрацией гистидина и количеством лейкоцитов (r=–0,76, p=0,015), концентрацией метионина и лизином (r=0,88, p=0,008), концентрацией метионина и весом пациента (r=0,68, p=0,042), и связь между концентрацией треонина и уровнем сознания по шкале FOUR (r=–0,73, p=0,037). Выраженных нарушений углеводного и жирового обмена не отметили.Заключение. Установили, что у пациентов в длительном критическом состоянии наиболее страдающим участком нутритивного статуса является нарушение адекватного белкового обмена. Оно проявляется снижением концентрации белка и ряда заменимых и незаменимых аминокислот, что предполагает важность высокобелковой нутритивной поддержки и коррекции аминокислотного профиля.

Levels of Adipokines in Blood of Woman with Threatened Abortion

Purpose: To investigate levels of adipokines and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in the blood of women with a true threat of pregnancy termination (isthmico-cervical insufficiency). Materials and Methods: The study involved women in the period of 16 – 26 weeks of gestation – 18 women with a true threat of termination of pregnancy and 52 women with physiological pregnancy. Both groups were compared with levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: In the blood of women with a real threat of pregnancy termination are revealed significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism – the increase in levels of fasting insulin and glucose, and also increase the value of the index of insulin resistance HOMA-IR (p<0.001). No significant differences in age and BMI index were found between the study and control subjects. In the group of women with the true threat of pregnancy termination significantly increases the level of leptin (p=0.04), and there is also a decrease in the concentration of resistin (p=0.02). The level of adiponectin significant does not change.Summary: Compared with the control group, patients with RPL were more likely to have insulin resistance. In condition of the true threat of pregnancy termination increases the level of leptin and reduced the concentration of resistin, and is determined the development of pathological insulin resistance

INFLUENZA VIRUS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA IN 2011-2012

In the result of the monitoring for influenza in the Novosibirsk region during the season 2011-2012 85 strains of influenza virus on the culture of MDCK cells were isolated: 79 strains A (H3N2) and 6 strains of influenza virus B (five strains belonged to the Yamagata line and. 1 strain belonged to the Victoria line). During the entire epidemic season 2011-2012 on the territory of the Novosibirsk region no strains of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were allocated. For molecular genetic analysis 3 strains of influenza A (H3N2) were selected. We determined full nucleotide sequence of NA and. HA genes encoding respective surface glycoproteins of influenza virus, as well as the comparative analysis of amino acid sequences of these proteins to the strains of influenza A (H3N2), vaccine strain and. the strain A/Victoria/361/2011 earlier seasons, for which diagnostic serum were obtained