Optimal and heuristic algorithms of planning of low-rise residential buildings

The problem of the optimal layout of low-rise residential building is considered. Each apartment must be no less than the corresponding apartment from the proposed list. Also all requests must be made and excess of the total square over of the total square of apartment from the list must be minimized. The difference in the squares formed due to with the discreteness of distances between bearing walls and a number of other technological limitations. It shown, that this problem is NP-hard. The authors built a linear-integer model and conducted her qualitative analysis. As well, authors developed a heuristic algorithm for the solution tasks of a high dimension. The computational experiment was conducted which confirming the efficiency of the proposed approach. Practical recommendations on the use the proposed algorithms are given. © 2017 Author(s).Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 16-01-00649The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006, and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 16-01-00649

A mathematical model of the layered plate throwing by detonation products

The problem of the layered plates throwing in the conditions of incomplete dispersal of detonation products (DP) is devoted to quite a lot of work, but this problem is usually solved either by various numerical methods, which in practice are not applicable due to the significant difficulties for calculations, or in one-dimensional form, that does not allows for the correct determination of pressure in DP and turn angles after the impact of the plates. This paper provides a mathematical model of multi-layered throwing calculation using fairly simple analytical equations to determine the above parameters when solving various applications for explosive processing of materials by a sliding detonation wave. © 2021 Author(s).The research was supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, state contract № 075-03-2020-582/4 and by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-08-00-00873

Energy-efficient technologies in the educational programs of the architectural higher education schools

The world trends in modern construction correspond to the ecological, rational design, according to "green" standards and applications of the building information modeling – BIM. Herein, we give a short review and some examples of Green, BIM technologies, in different countries. For more effective implementation of "green" building, it is necessary to introduce corresponding thematic in the higher education. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the articles, we described the competencies that a University Graduate must possess, for successful implementation in the industry AEC. Despite the absence of common methods, we developed a practice-oriented approach for teaching students Green BIM technologies and here integration these technologies into the educational process is considered. Some projects of energy-efficient objects, created by students of University of Architecture and Art, meeting requirements of "green" standards, are presented. © 2020, Budapest Tech Polytechnical Institution. All rights reserved

The termal deformation reducing in sheet metal at manufacturing parts by CNC cutting machines

In various industries for the manufacturing of parts (workpieces) from sheet metal the CNC machines for thermal cutting (laser/plasma/gas cutting) are used. During process of thermal cutting, various deformations of the metal can occur, that cause the distortion of the geometric forms and sizes of the cut parts. These distortions are caused both by the uneven distribution of temperature in the sheet, and by certain geometric characteristics of the cutting process. Geometric characteristics are determined by the set sequence (order) of cutting of figured parts, as well as by selecting the piercing points of sheet material, i.e. the places of inserting the tool into the material. Previously, the authors formulated heuristic geometric rules, that allow reducing the value of geometric deformations of parts produced by the CNC cutting machines. To comply with these rules, users of Computer-Aided Design (CAM) systems that are used to generate NC programs, have to use interactive design methods. One of these rules (so-called "Part Hardness Rule") refers to the selecting the location of points for inserting (piercing) a CNC machine tool into the material. The paper describes a model based on the use of the heat conduction equation, which makes it possible to calculate the temperature of the sheet material at each moment of cutting process. The computational experiments showed that the points, which according to the "Part Hardness Rule" can't be used for piercing, have a higher material temperature than the points that satisfy this rule. In the paper the results of the computational experiments are given. Another rule (socalled "Sheet Hardness Rule"), which also reduces the deformation of the material during thermal cutting, refers to the order of parts cutting from the sheet. A heuristic algorithm that automatically generates the order of cutting parts that satisfy the rules of "Part Hardness" and of "Sheet Hardness" is developed. Developed software allows us to abandon the interactive methods of the NC programs generation for the thermal cutting of figured parts on CNC machines. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBRThe work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 19-01-00573)

Nanodiamonds as Carriers for Address Delivery of Biologically Active Substances

Surface of detonation nanodiamonds was functionalized for the covalent attachment of immunoglobulin, and simultaneously bovine serum albumin and Rabbit Anti-Mouse Antibody. The nanodiamond-IgGI125 and RAM-nanodiamond-BSAI125 complexes are stable in blood serum and the immobilized proteins retain their biological activity. It was shown that the RAM-nanodiamond-BSAI125 complex is able to bind to the target antigen immobilized on the Sepharose 6B matrix through antibody–antigen interaction. The idea can be extended to use nanodiamonds as carriers for delivery of bioactive substances (i.e., drugs) to various targets in vivo