A study on the pyrolysis behavior of bituminous coal

The main feedstock of this study was coal from one of the Russian deposits. Pyrolysis experimental studies were carried out by means of thermal analysis to assess coal prospects for IGCC & XtL technologies. New data on volatilities release at different heating rates was obtained.Объектом исследования является каменный уголь одного из российских месторождений. Проведены экспериментальные исследования пиролиза угля методом термического анализа, с целью оценки перспектив глубокой переработки для данного типа угля. Получены данные по скорости выхода летучих при разных скоростях нагрева

Sub-SQL Sensitivity via Optical Rigidity in Advanced LIGO Interferometer with Optical Losses

The ``optical springs'' regime of the signal-recycled configuration of laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors is analyzed taking in account optical losses in the interferometer arm cavities. This regime allows to obtain sensitivity better than the Standard Quantum Limits both for a free test mass and for a conventional harmonic oscillator. The optical losses restrict the gain in sensitivity and achievable signal-to-noise ratio. Nevertheless, for parameters values planned for the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector, this restriction is insignificant.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

CCGT Unit with a Carbonation System for CO2 Capture

The paper considers the issues of creating energy-efficient and environmentally friendly resource-saving energy generation technologies based on fossil fuels, solid waste and materials. A natural gas CCGT with a MSW ash carbonation unit was chosen as the research object. The prototype of the CCGT unit is the CCGT “Akademicheskaya” with an installed capacity of 230 MW. For the carbonation of MSW ash, a direct semi-dry route is used. In the calculation of the CCGT, the power and efficiency of the cycle are determined, as well as the parameters of the flue gas, which are transferred to the calculation of carbonation. As a result of calculations, it was found that this specific CO2 emissions from the power plant using carbonation can be reduced by almost 20% from 403 to 329 g kWh-1, however, a large amount of required MSW (2.6-6.7 kg per kg of flue gases) causes certain difficulties for the implementation of the project. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

Ash-rich bituminous coal combustion

Высокозольные угли составляют значительную долю в мировом энергобалансе. Данные топлива могут быть использовать на месте добычи для производства тепловой и электрической энергии по чистым низкоэмиссионным энерготехнологиям. При внедрении схемы без предварительной подготовки топлива операционные издержки процесса технологической переработки снижаются. Утилизация высокозольных углей может быть реализована как при помощи полного сжигания, так и при газификации. Для оценки эффективности конверсии углей требуется сопоставление со стандартными образцами.High-ash coals represent a significant amount of the world's energy coals reserves. Such fuels may be utilized on site for power and electricity generation, by means of low-emission coal technologies. Technologies, free from coal preparation expenditures, increase the process efficiency. Coal combustion and gasification technologies may be an effective way of clean coal utilization. Conversion process evaluation for high-ash coal compare to a standard coal is required

THERMODYNAMIC MODEL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GAS TURBINE UNIT OPERATED ON SYNTHETIC GAS

В работе проанализирована установка ГТУ на искусственном газе. Произведена ее верификация, а также проведено сравнение со стандартной схемой на природном газе. Получены термодинамические характеристики, состав продуктов сгорания и произведен анализ работы такой схемы и ее перспективы.The paper analyzes the installation of gas turbines on artificial gas. It was verified and compared with the standard scheme for natural gas. The thermodynamic characteristics, the composition of the combustion products are obtained, and the operation of such a scheme and its prospects are analyzed

STUDY OF DEVOLATILIZATION OF BITUMINOUS COAL IN INERT ATMOSPHERE

In present work process of coal conversion at different heating rates in the inert atmosphere (argon) is considered. The description of experiments is submitted. The analysis of the received results is carried out.В работе рассмотрен процесс конверсии угля при разных скоростях нагрева в инертной среде (аргон). Представлено описание экспериментов. Проведен анализ полученных результатов.Исследование выполнено в Уральском федеральном университете за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-19-00524

Analysis of GH1, GHR and PRL gene polymorphisms for estimation of the genetic diversity of Buryat and Altai cattle breeds

Small and unique Buryat and Altai cattle breeds of TuranoMongolian origin are well adapted to harsh conditions of the continental climate to be their habitat. However, the population-genetic structure of the breeds has been poorly studied. This paper presents the results of analysis of polymorphisms GH1 (AC_000176.1: BTA 19, exon 5, rs41923484, g.2141C>G, L127V), GHR (AC_000177.1: BTA 20, exon 10, rs109300983, g.257A>G, S555G) and PRL (AC_000180.1: BTA 23, exon 3, g.35108342A>G) in the samples of Buryat cattle breed of Russia, China and Mongolia, and indigenous Altai cattle breed (Russia) that belong to TuranoMongolian cattle. The Russian sample of Buryat breed was differentiated from the Mongolian sample based on pairwise G-test and FST values for the PRL-RsaI polymorphism and from the Chinese sample – based on pairwise G-test values for the GH1-AluI polymorphism. All the three samples of Buryat breed clearly differed from the sample of Altai breed based on pairwise G-test and FST values for the GHR-AluI polymorphism as well as on the base of FST values for the joint polymorphism of the three genes. Nei’s genetic distances calculated from the three gene polymorphisms also confirmed the difference between the two breeds. The results of AMOVA demonstrated that GHR gene variability (16 %) gave the largest contribution to the differentiation that was confirmed by FST values (0.12–0.27). The STRUCTURE software enabled us to reveal four clusters, with a specific ratio for each sample, in the Chinese and Mongolian samples of Buryat breed, and in the sample of Altai breed, while the Russian sample of Buryat breed had only three clusters. The differences within the breed level were determined based on the GH1-AluI and PRL-RsaI polymorphisms, while at the inter-breed level – based on the GHR-AluI polymorphism. Linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated significant linkage of the following pairs of genes in the Buryat breed: GH1-GHR, GH1-PRL, GHR-PRL

HEAVINESS OF HAIR PIGMENTATION AND REPRODUCTIVITY IN SABLES (MARTES ZIBELLINA L.)

Consequences of directional selection for fur blackening were studied in a captive sable population (Pushkinskoe fur farm, Moscow oblast). Crosses of four types were analyzed, in which males and females differed from each other in head fur color. Quantitative traits expressed as indices of reproduction: female fertility, average number of puppies per mated female, average number of puppies per whelped female, and mated but not fertilized females, were compared among the crosses. The lowest indices of reproduction were recorded when females and males with the most blackened fur were crossed. Reproduction indices were evaluated by two-way ANOVA. The results showed that the type of crossing (factor 1) significantly influenced all traits studied. The year of selection period (factor 2) was also significant for all traits, and the interaction of these two factors significantly influenced only one trait, «number of puppies per mated female». As a whole, positive dynamics of these traits was observed over a decade. Therefore, we presume that the continuation of artificial directional selection for sable fur blackening is promising. The main stages of the breeding are recognized, and further actions are outlined

Clonal diversity and clone formation in the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock Lizard Darevskia dahli [corrected].

The all-female Caucasian rock lizard species Darevskia dahli and other parthenogenetic species of this genus reproduce normally via true parthenogenesis. Previously, the genetic diversity of this species was analyzed using allozymes, mitochondrial DNA, and DNA fingerprint markers. In the present study, variation at three microsatellite loci was studied in 111 specimens of D. dahli from five populations from Armenia, and new information regarding clonal diversity and clone formation in D. dahli was obtained that suggests a multiple hybridization origin. All individuals but one were heterozygous at the loci studied. Based on specific allele combinations, 11 genotypes were identified among the individuals studied. Individuals with the same genotypes formed distinct clonal lineages: one major clone was represented by 72 individuals, an intermediate clone was represented by 21 individuals, and nine other clones were rare and represented by one or several individuals. A new approach based on the detection and comparison of genotype-specific markers formed by combinations of parental-specific markers was developed and used to identify at least three hybridization founder events that resulted in the initial formation of one major and two rare clones. All other clones, including the intermediate and seven rare clones, probably arose through postformation microsatellite mutations of the major clone. This approach can be used to identify hybridization founder events and to study clone formation in other unisexual taxa

Biochemical and Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Agriculturally Useful Association of a Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium and Nodule Sinorhizobium with Medicago sativa L.

Seed inoculation with bacterial consortium was found to increase legume yield, providing a higher growth than the standard nitrogen treatment methods. Alfalfa plants were inoculated by mono- and binary compositions of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Their physiological and biochemical properties were estimated. Inoculation by microbial consortium of Sinorhizobium meliloti T17 together with a new cyanobacterial isolate Nostoc PTV was more efficient than the single-rhizobium strain inoculation. This treatment provides an intensification of the processes of biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia bacteria in the root nodules and an intensification of plant photosynthesis. Inoculation by bacterial consortium stimulates growth of plant mass and rhizogenesis and leads to increased productivity of alfalfa and to improving the amino acid composition of plant leaves. The full nucleotide sequence of the rRNA gene cluster and partial sequence of the dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) gene of Nostoc PTV were deposited to GenBank (JQ259185.1, JQ259186.1). Comparison of these gene sequences of Nostoc PTV with all sequences present at the GenBank shows that this cyanobacterial strain does not have 100% identity with any organisms investigated previously. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this cyanobacterium clustered with high credibility values with Nostoc muscorum