117 research outputs found
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Desert dust deposition on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains, Russia in 2009-2012 as recorded in snow and shallow ice core: high-resolution "provenancing", transport patterns, physical properties and soluble ionic composition
A record of dust deposition events between 2009 and 2012 on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains derived from a snow pit and a shallow ice core is presented for the first time for this region. A combination of isotopic analysis, SEVIRI red-green-blue composite imagery, MODIS atmospheric optical depth fields derived using the Deep Blue algorithm, air mass trajectories derived using the HYSPLIT model and analysis of meteorological data enabled identification of dust source regions with high temporal (hours) and spatial (cf. 20â100 km) resolution. Seventeen dust deposition events were detected; fourteen occurred in MarchâJune, one in February and two in October. Four events originated in the Sahara, predominantly in north-eastern Libya and eastern Algeria. Thirteen events originated in the Middle East, in the Syrian Desert and northern Mesopotamia, from a mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources. Dust transportation from Sahara was associated with vigorous Saharan depressions, strong surface winds in the source region and mid-tropospheric south-westerly flow with daily winds speeds of 20â30 m sâ1 at 700 hPa level and, although these events were less frequent, they resulted in higher dust concentrations in snow. Dust transportation from the Middle East was associated with weaker depressions forming over the source region, high pressure centered over or extending towards the Caspian Sea and a weaker southerly or south-easterly flow towards the Caucasus Mountains with daily wind speeds of 12â18 m sâ1 at 700 hPa level. Higher concentrations of nitrates and ammonium characterise dust from the Middle East deposited on Mt. Elbrus in 2009 indicating contribution of anthropogenic sources. The modal values of particle size distributions ranged between 1.98 ÎŒm and 4.16 ÎŒm. Most samples were characterised by modal values of 2.0â2.8 ÎŒm with an average of 2.6 ÎŒm and there was no significant difference between dust from the Sahara and the Middle East
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High-resolution provenance of desert dust deposited on Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus in 2009â2012 using snow pit and firn core records
The ïŹrst record of dust deposition events on
Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Mountains derived from a snow pit
and a shallow ïŹrn core is presented for the 2009â2012 period. A combination of isotopic analysis, SEVIRI red-greenblue composite imagery, MODIS atmospheric optical depth
ïŹelds derived using the Deep Blue algorithm, air mass trajectories derived using the HYSPLIT model and analyses of
meteorological data enabled identiïŹcation of dust source regions with high temporal (hours) and spatial (ca. 20â100 km)
resolution. Seventeen dust deposition events were detected;
fourteen occurred in MarchâJune, one in February and two
in October. Four events originated in the Sahara, predominantly in northeastern Libya and eastern Algeria. Thirteen
events originated in the Middle East, in the Syrian Desert
and northern Mesopotamia, from a mixture of natural and
anthropogenic sources. Dust transportation from Sahara was
associated with vigorous Saharan depressions, strong surface
winds in the source region and mid-tropospheric southwesterly ïŹow with daily winds speeds of 20â30 m sâ1
at 700 hPa
level. Although these events were less frequent than those
originating in the Middle East, they resulted in higher dust
concentrations in snow. Dust transportation from the Middle
East was associated with weaker depressions forming over
the source region, high pressure centred over or extending towards the Caspian Sea and a weaker southerly or southeasterly ïŹow towards the Caucasus Mountains with daily wind
speeds of 12â18 m sâ1
at 700 hPa level. Higher concentrations of nitrates and ammonium characterised dust from the
Middle East deposited on Mt. Elbrus in 2009 indicating contribution of anthropogenic sources. The modal values of particle size distributions ranged between 1.98 ”m and 4.16 ”m.
Most samples were characterised by modal values of 2.0â
2.8 ”m with an average of 2.6 ”m and there was no signiïŹ-
cant difference between dust from the Sahara and the Middle
East
Instrumentation for study of nanomaterials in NPI REZ (New laboratory for material study in Nuclear Physics Institute in REZ)
Nano-sized materials become irreplaceable component of a number of devices for every aspect of human life. The development of new materials and deepening of the current knowledge require a set of specialized techniques-deposition methods for preparation/modification of the materials and analytical tools for proper understanding of their properties. A thoroughly equipped research centers become the requirement for the advance and development not only in nano-sized field. The Center of Accelerators and Nuclear Analytical Methods (CANAM) in the Nuclear Physics Institute (NPI) comprises a unique set of techniques for the synthesis or modification of nanostructured materials and systems, and their characterization using ion beam, neutron beam and microscopy imaging techniques. The methods are used for investigation of a broad range of nano-sized materials and structures based on metal oxides, nitrides, carbides, carbon-based materials (polymers, fullerenes, graphenes, etc.) and nano-laminate composites (MAX phases). These materials can be prepared at NPI using ion beam sputtering, physical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. Based on the deposition method and parameters, the samples can be tuned to possess specific properties, e.g., composition, thickness (nm-ÎŒm), surface roughness, optical and electrical properties, etc. Various nuclear analytical methods are applied for the sample characterization. RBS, RBS-channeling, PIXE, PIGE, micro-beam analyses and Transmission Spectroscopy are accomplished at the Tandetron 4130MC accelerator, and additionally the Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) and Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation (PGNA) analyses are performed at an external neutron beam from the LVR-15 research reactor. The multimode AFM facility provides further surface related information, magnetic/electrical properties with nano-metric precision, nano-indentation, etc
Levy stable distributions via associated integral transform
We present a method of generation of exact and explicit forms of one-sided,
heavy-tailed Levy stable probability distributions g_{\alpha}(x), 0 \leq x <
\infty, 0 < \alpha < 1. We demonstrate that the knowledge of one such a
distribution g_{\alpha}(x) suffices to obtain exactly g_{\alpha^{p}}(x), p=2,
3,... Similarly, from known g_{\alpha}(x) and g_{\beta}(x), 0 < \alpha, \beta <
1, we obtain g_{\alpha \beta}(x). The method is based on the construction of
the integral operator, called Levy transform, which implements the above
operations. For \alpha rational, \alpha = l/k with l < k, we reproduce in this
manner many of the recently obtained exact results for g_{l/k}(x). This
approach can be also recast as an application of the Efros theorem for
generalized Laplace convolutions. It relies solely on efficient definite
integration.Comment: 12 pages, typos removed, references adde
Thermoacoustic tomography with an arbitrary elliptic operator
Thermoacoustic tomography is a term for the inverse problem of determining of
one of initial conditions of a hyperbolic equation from boundary measurements.
In the past publications both stability estimates and convergent numerical
methods for this problem were obtained only under some restrictive conditions
imposed on the principal part of the elliptic operator. In this paper
logarithmic stability estimates are obatined for an arbitrary variable
principal part of that operator. Convergence of the Quasi-Reversibility Method
to the exact solution is also established for this case. Both complete and
incomplete data collection cases are considered.Comment: 16 page
Correlations in the low-temperature phase of the two-dimensional XY model
Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional XY model are performed in a
square geometry with fixed boundary conditions. Using a conformal mapping it is
very easy to deduce the exponent eta_sigma(T) of the order parameter
correlation function at any temperature in the critical phase of the model. The
temperature behaviour of eta_sigma(T) is obtained numerically with a good
accuracy up to the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature. At very low
temperatures, a good agreement is found with Berezinskii's harmonic
approximation. Surprisingly, we show some evidence that there are no
logarithmic corrections to the behaviour of the order parameter density profile
(with symmetry breaking surface fields) at the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 2 eps figure
Static Solitons of the Sine-Gordon Equation and Equilibrium Vortex Structure in Josephson Junctions
The problem of vortex structure in a single Josephson junction in an external
magnetic field, in the absence of transport currents, is reconsidered from a
new mathematical point of view. In particular, we derive a complete set of
exact analytical solutions representing all the stationary points (minima and
saddle-points) of the relevant Gibbs free-energy functional. The type of these
solutions is determined by explicit evaluation of the second variation of the
Gibbs free-energy functional. The stable (physical) solutions minimizing the
Gibbs free-energy functional form an infinite set and are labelled by a
topological number Nv=0,1,2,... Mathematically, they can be interpreted as
nontrivial ''vacuum'' (Nv=0) and static topological solitons (Nv=1,2,...) of
the sine-Gordon equation for the phase difference in a finite spatial interval:
solutions of this kind were not considered in previous literature. Physically,
they represent the Meissner state (Nv=0) and Josephson vortices (Nv=1,2,...).
Major properties of the new physical solutions are thoroughly discussed. An
exact, closed-form analytical expression for the Gibbs free energy is derived
and analyzed numerically. Unstable (saddle-point) solutions are also classified
and discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 4 Postscript figure
Classification of integrable hydrodynamic chains and generating functions of conservation laws
New approach to classification of integrable hydrodynamic chains is
established. Generating functions of conservation laws are classified by the
method of hydrodynamic reductions. N parametric family of explicit hydrodynamic
reductions allows to reconstruct corresponding hydrodynamic chains. Plenty new
hydrodynamic chains are found
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