The design of purpose built, public sector housing provision for young single people

A preliminary examination of the range of housing provision for young single people in both the public and private sectors of the housing market in England and Wales indicated that a large proportion of young single people have no viable alternative to renting from the public sector, yet little consideration is given to their housing need. From this main problem area, that is the relationship between the housing requirements of young single people who are dependent on rented accommodation and the housing provision made for this group through the public sector, three main research propositions were formulated. These were tested through detailed examination and analysis of data which was collected, using a variety of methods, from the architects, designers, housing managers and tenants of three young single person housing schemes used as case studies. The research found that specifically designed public sector housing provision available for young single people to rent is designed according to recommendations and standards contained in the design guidance. These, it is argued, are based on inaccurate perceptions of the characteristics and housing requirements of young single people. The research identified a number of mismatches between the perception of young single people, both stated and implicit, in the design guidance, and the actual characteristics of the tenants of the three schemes surveyed, who were taken as representative of young single people. In particular the research found that young single people were no more mobile than older single people and spent more time in the home than the design guidance had anticipated, due to different patterns of both employment and social activity. This finding is crucial because the assumption of a high level of mobility with little time spent in the home forms the basis for the design guidance recommendation for two distinct categories of accommodation, smaller bedsits or shared flats for younger single people and larger onebedroom flats for older single people. The research considered whether the specifically designed public sector housing provided for young single people matched their housing requirements. A number of mismatches were identified, in particular between the provision and requirement for space and some services in the flats and for tenants'social requirements, including control over their environment. There was a higher incidence of mismatch in the design of the individual dwelling units than in the general design features of the scheme. From this investigation conclusions were drawn and new recommendations made for the future provision of more appropriate accommodation for young single people

An activity analysis of a non-nurse administrative assistant to a nursing supervisor on one ward unit.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The Value of Information in Invasive Species Management

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

DExD/H box RNA helicases: multifunctional proteins with important roles in transcriptional regulation

The DExD/H box family of proteins includes a large number of proteins that play important roles in RNA metabolism. Members of this family have been shown to act as RNA helicases or unwindases, using the energy from ATP hydrolysis to unwind RNA structures or dissociate RNA–protein complexes in cellular processes that require modulation of RNA structures. However, it is clear that several members of this family are multifunctional and, in addition to acting as RNA helicases in processes such as pre-mRNA processing, play important roles in transcriptional regulation. In this review I shall concentrate on RNA helicase A (Dhx9), DP103 (Ddx20), p68 (Ddx5) and p72 (Ddx17), proteins for which there is a strong body of evidence showing that they play important roles in transcription, often as coactivators or corepressors through their interaction with key components of the transcriptional machinery, such as CREB-binding protein, p300, RNA polymerase II and histone deacetylases

Semaphorin3A Increases Focal Adhesion Formation to Shift the Relationship Between Cell Migration and Substratum Concentration Through a ROCK-dependent Mechanism

Cell migration is essential for many life processes, including wound healing, embryonic development and cancer metastasis. Cells move across a surface by interacting and forming adhesions with the molecules in their environment, specifically the extracellular matrix. Past studies have shown that there is an optimal level of cell-substratum adhesive strength that allows for the most cell migration and spreading (DiMilla et al., 1993; Gaudet et al., 2003). The mechanism by which this works is not well understood, however. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) has been shown to increase the expression of integrin receptors, which help mediate the formation of the adhesions between a cell and its substrate in breast cancer cells, but also inhibit the motility of these cells (Pan et al. 2009). We propose that Sema3A changes cell adhesion dynamics to cause the change in breast cancer cell migration on different concentrations of various ECM. First, MDA-MB-231 breast epithelial cell migration and spreading were measured on various concentrations of collagen type 1, fibronectin and laminin 1. The results demonstrate that Sema3A inhibits cell migration and spreading on high concentrations of collagen but enhances cell migration and spreading at lower collagen concentrations. In addition, analysis of cell morphology demonstrates that Sema3A-treated cells were more elongated on all concentrations of collagen. Sema3A had less robust effects on cell migration, spreading and morphology when cultured on fibronectin and laminin. Second, inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) blocks the Sema3A-mediated effects on cell migration and spreading when cultured on all concentrations of collagen. Third, Sema3A increases focal adhesion formation on all concentrations of collagen and fibronectin, but not laminin. However, inhibition of ROCK blocks Sema3A-enhanced focal adhesion formation on collagen. These results suggest that Sema3A shifts the optimal level of cell-matrix adhesions to a non-optional ECM concentration—in particular collagen, to yield maximal cell migration and spreading that is mediated through a ROCK-dependent mechanism

Integrated Cooperation within a Grass-Roots Movement’s the Class Emphasis

Under what conditions is it possible for members of different racial groups to cooperate in an integrated sense to build a successful, working class, community based, mutual benefits association -- one with the long-term intent of organizing workplaces where mutual-benefits association members happen to work? Can this inter-racial cooperation occur at all levels of the organization? Given this long term possibility of unionization, an end product not too different from an association-union recently achieved by Caesar Chavez\u27s NFWA-UFVOC , what are the initial organizational prerequisites for successfully bringing together blacks, whites, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans and others within these local associations

Biosynthesis of novel carotenoid families based on unnatural carbon backbones: A model for diversification of natural product pathways

We show that the C_(40) carotenoid desaturase CrtI from Pantoea ananatis (Erwinia uredovora) is capable of desaturating unnaturally long C_(45) and C_(50) carotenoid backbones in recombinant E. coli. Desaturation step number in these pathways is not very specific, and at least ten new C_(45) and C_(50) carotenoids were synthesized. We also present evidence for a novel asymmetric C_(40) backbone formed by the condensation of farnesyl diphosphate (C_(15)PP) with farnesylgeranyl diphosphate (C_(25)PP), and the subsequent desaturation of this backbone by CrtI in an atypical manner. Under some conditions, the C_(40), C_(45), and C_(50) carotenoid backbones synthesized in E. coli were monohydroxylated; their desaturation by CrtI in vitro led to yet more novel carotenoids. Challenging CrtI with larger-than-natural substrates in vivo has allowed us to show that this enzyme regulates desaturation step number by sensing the end groups of its substrate. Analysis of the mechanisms by which chemical diversity is generated and propagated through the nascent pathways provides insight into how natural product diversification occurs in nature