Results of surgical treatment nephroptosis complicated with hydronephrosis

The research is based on the materials of a retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory examination data of 121 patients nephroptosis, with the development of obstruction of the upper urinary tract. All the patients underwent nephropexy: In the study group (20 patients) according to our nelrofastsioplikatsii-F-ll and the comparison group (101 patients) — suprakapsulyarnaya muscle nephropexy and nephropexy local tissues. Long-term results of treatment were assessed as “good” or “satisfactory” and “bad" on the basis of clinical data, the state of parenchymal index and effective renal plasma flow. The term of recovery of renal function was 3-6 months, after nefrofastsioplikatsii and from 3 to 12 months. - after the traditional nephropexy.В основу исследования положены материалы ретроспективного анализа клинических и лабораторных данных обследования 121 больного нефроптозом, с развившейся обструкцией верхних мочевых путей. Всем больным выполнена нефропексия: в основной группе (20 больных) по разработанной нами нефрофасциопликации-Ф-ll и в группе сравнения (101 пациент) - супракапсулярная мышечная нефропексия и нефропексия местными тканями. Отдаленные результаты лечения оценивали как “хорошие", “удовлетворительные" и “плохие" на основании клинических данных, состояния паренхиматозного индекса и эффективного почечного плазмотока. Срок восстановления функции почек составил 3-6 мес. После нефрофасциопликации и от 3 до 12 мес. - после традиционных нефропексий

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MALE FERTILITY: MODERN VIEW ON THE PROBLEM

Presently, the expressed tendency to deterioration in parameters of semen is noted in the world, at the same time both the quantity of spermatozoa, and their functional properties decrease. The spermatogenesis is a difficult, extremely sensible process of cellular differentiation; the different systems of organism participate in its adjusting. Violations in any links affect the process of spermatogenesis, and finally, affects parameters of semen. This systematic review of the literature analyses recent publications concerning studies of oxidative stress influencing male fertility. The oxidative stress - the very widespread version of pathology, which accompanies and/or is one of key mechanisms in development of many types of reproductive disorders in men. There are three main mechanisms of impaired fertile function of men in the development of oxidative stress: reducing sperm motility, violation of ability of spermatozoa to penetrate into oocyte and spermatozoa DNA damage. The factors promoting its development are numerous: environmental pollution, life style, addictions, stress, diabetes, and varicocele; however, the most frequent reason of development of oxidative stress in reproductive system of men are infectious and inflammatory diseases and antispermal autoimmune processes in a man's urogenital tract. Considering possible participation of free-radical processes in patospermia development, it is worthwhile to use antioxidants in all cases of the man's infertility connected with oxidative stress

The impact of nonspecific inflammatory processes of the urogenital tract on men’s fertility

We studied the role of opportunistic pathogens in the progression of inflammatory diseases of men's urogenital tract which result infertility dysfunction. We examined the patients with qualitative and quantitative changes in spermogram, with the absence of sexually-transmitted infections. At the study of ejaculates of these patients we revealed changes of all main parameters: volume, period of sperm dilution, concentration of spermatozoa in 1 ml, their quantity in all ejaculate, their mobility, increase of contents of pathologic forms of spermatozoa. Microflora discharged from the urethra and the prostate in some cases had resistance to traditionally used antibacterial drugs and demanded careful selection of effective antibiotics by establishing the antibiograms. Obtained data testified to the high quantitative contents of opportunistic microorganisms in the urethra, prostate secretion and ejaculate and also to the prevailing role of gram-positive cocci microflora in the development of inflammatory diseased of urogenital tract in men

Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in Cancer Patients after Operations on the Pelvic Organs

The review is devoted to the generalization and analysis of domestic and foreign works describing the mechanism of development of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder after surgery on the pelvic organs in cancer patients. All modern authors agree that the cause of these disorders is trauma of the pelvic nerves and interruption of the reflex arc. Unfortunately, when removing malignant tumors of the pelvic organs, urological complications are difficult and often impossible to avoid. This is due to the complex neuroanatomy of the bladder, its proximity to the rectum, the uterus, as well as the volume and radicality of cancer operations. The article shows that if the parasympathetic ganglia are damaged, there is a violation of the evacuation function of the bladder and a weakening or absence of the urge to urinate. If the sympathetic nervous system is damaged in isolation, on the contrary, an increase in the detrusor tone, intravesical pressure and a decrease in the capacity of the bladder is observed, which is in conditions of low bladder sphincter tone causes imperative urges, frequent urination and incontinence. Prior radiation therapy also affects the development of urological complications. Postradiated soft tissue changes, ischemia, fibrosis lead to great technical difficulties during surgery. In addition, factors that are important in the development of pelvic disorders in this category of patients include urinary system diseases and metabolic – endocrine disorders in case history

Interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome: a modern view of a problem

The review of domestic and foreign literary sources for 2002-2014 made it possible to deepen into the problem of interstitial cystitis and put together different points of view and also to systematize the store of knowledge. Interstitial cystitis is a complex disease with marked clinical manifestation and defeat of urinary bladder with varying severity. For the purpose of diagnostics and treatment optimization of the disease in point in the review they presented the criteria whose existence will make it possible to make the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. The multifactorial etiology of the disease requires the multiplane causal and pathogenetic therapy but more often empirical and symptomatic In the article describe the algorithm of treatment of patients with the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis

Morphological parallels clinical and experimental hydronephrosis (clinical and experimental research)

Examined and treated 53 patients with urinary tract obstruction and hydronephrosis development. All patients had the clinical, laboratory and instrumental investigations. Kidney function was determined by dynamic gammastsintigrafii. Morphologically investigated operational material 25 after nephrectomy and renal biopsy introperatsionnye of 28 kidneys. A series of experiments on 56 rats - male Wistar breed in order to study patterns of morphological changes in kidney parenchyma with hydronephrosis. All animals simulated acute urinary tract obstruction by ligation of a ureter in the middle third. Morphology of kidneys was performed in 2 - 3 hours, 1 day, 3-5 days, 1,3,6 and 8 weeks after the simulation process.Обследовали и лечили 53 больных с обструкцией мочевых путей и развитием гидронефроза. Всем больным были проведены клинические, лабораторные и инструментальные исследования. Функция почек определялась методом динамической гаммасцинтиграфии. Морфологически были исследованы операционный материал 25 почек после нефрэктомии и интроперационные биоптаты от 28 почек. Проведена серия экспериментов на 56 крысах - самцах породы Вистар с целью изучения закономерностей развития морфологических изменений паренхимы почек при гидронефрозе. У всех животных моделировали острую обструкцию мочевых путей путем перевязки одного мочеточника в средней 1/3. Исследование морфологии почек проводили через 2 - 3 часа, 1 сутки, 3-5 суток, 1,3,6,8 недель после моделирования процесса