Возможности усовершенствованной методики однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии головного мозга с 99mTc-метоксиизобутилизонитрилом в определении степени злокачественности глиальных опухолей

99mTc-MIBI Brain SPECT results of 79 patients with glial brain tumors are presented in the issue. The new technique of brain SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI was discovered and its oppotunities in characterization of tumor grade is shown in his study.В статье представлена усовершенствованная с методика проведения однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии головного мозга с использованием радиофармпрепарата 99mTc-метоксиизобутилизонитрила при выявлении и определении степени злокачественности глиальных опухолей головного мозга. В результате обследования 79 пациентов с различными глиальными опухолями головного мозга показано, что применение данной методики позволяет не только определить наличие анапластической ткани опухоли, но также охарактеризовать ее по степени анапластической активности и отнести к той или иной степени злокачественности

Carbohydrate-based particles: a new adjuvant for allergen-specific immunotherapy

The occurrence of systemic anaphylactic side-effects in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy has been strongly reduced by the adsorption of allergens to aluminium hydroxide, the most frequently used adjuvant in humans. Using the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5b, in its recombinant form for immunization of mice, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-based particles (CBP) exhibit several potential advantages over aluminium-hydroxide as adjuvant for immunotherapy. Similar to alum-bound rPhl p 5b, CBP-bound rPhl p 5b induced a stronger antibody and cytokine response than unbound rPhl p 5b after subcutaneous injection in mice. The antibodies induced by CBP-bound rPhl p 5b, exhibited potentially beneficial activities as they cross-reacted with group 5 allergens from five other grass species and inhibited the binding of grass pollen allergic patients IgE to Phl p 5b. Alum-bound rPhl p 5b induced a preferential allergen-specific Th2-response characterized by high immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody levels and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production in cultured splenocytes. By contrast, CBP-bound rPhl p 5b, but not rPhl p 5b alone or coadministered with CBP, induced a mixed allergen-specific T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 immune response characterized by the additional production of allergen-specific IgG2a/b antibody responses and elevated interferon-γ production. Conjugation of rPhl p 5b to CBP yielded a stable vaccine formulation with preserved immunogenic features of the allergen and, in contrast to alum, induced no granulomatous tissue reactions. Based on these results, CBP is suggested as a potentially useful adjuvant for specific immunotherapy of IgE-mediated allergies

Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Cephalaria gigantea

Three new oleanane-type saponins, giganteosides L (1)(I), M (2) and N (3) along with eight known ones were isolated from the roots of Cephalaria gigantea. Their structures were established as 3-O-[-D-galactopyranosyl-(12)--D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid, 3-O-[-D-galactopyranosyl-(12)--D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin, 3-O-[-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)--D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin, resp., by means of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS). Cytotoxic activity of monodesmosides was investigated in vitro using three cancer cell lines, namely, human non pigmented melanoma MEL-5 and human leukemia HL-60. Giganteosides D (4) and E (5) showed antiproliferative effect on human cell lines with IC50 values in the range 3.15-7.5 M