Legal regulation of technologically improved people in the United States and China

As humanity improves its use of technologies that can replace parts of a biological organism with ones containing mechanical or electronic components, it raises important legal and political issues. For example, the successful implantation of devices in human bodies could lead to the emergence of new cognitive and motor abilities, thereby resulting in the creation of a new class of people. Undoubtedly, this new class of people with extraordinary abilities would require a legal and governmental response. However, the question that arises is what legal rights might be given to these people, considering that they are more similar to machines than to men or women. The following legal aspects are of the utmost importance: the legal rights and responsibilities of cyborgs; the regulation of access to neuroprosthetic devices by third parties; and the limitation of the illegal use of the damaging capabilities of cyborgs. This article examines a number of laws and regulations from various jurisdictions in the United States, the European Union, South Korea and China that apply to cyborg technologies, with a particular focus on a legal doctrine that applies to neuroprostheses

Ways of solving and modern view of tactics for acute diseases of scrotum organs in children

To date, there is no consensus on tactics for acute diseases of the scrotum in children. Acute diseases of the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord in children are one of the most dangerous situations for a male child. The pool of all acute diseases of the scrotum in a single term, acute diseases of the scrotum organs (ADSO), is explained by the similarity of their clinical picture during the first 6-12 hours and the difficulty of differential diagnosis. The purpose of the work is to analyze the treatment and diagnostic tactics for acute diseases of the scrotum in boys and adolescents in the clinic of pediatric surgery in a major metropolis. In retrospect, 716 clinical charts of boys and adolescents with ADSO who were treated in the children's surgical department No. 1 of Children's Clinical Hospital No. 9 in Yekaterinburg from 2016 to 2018 at the age of 6 months to 17 years were studied. The structure of ADSO nosologies is typical: torsion of Morgagni hydatides — 72.5%, testicular torsion — 14.4%, orthoepididymitis — 8%, allergic scrotal edema — 3.2%, scrotal organ damage (closed wounds, rhegma) — 1.9%. A complete clinical sonographic examination is the basis of differential diagnosis, which was carried out in a sequence justified by the risk of reproductive health loss. Conservative and surgical treatment of ADSO requires sonographic monitoring, which is performed for all children in the near and distant period and allows timely detection of hypo - and atrophic changes in the testicle.До настоящего времени не существует единого мнения относительно тактики при острых заболеваниях органов мошонки у детей. Острые заболевания яичка, придатка и семенного канатика представляют собой одну из самых опасных ситуаций для ребенка мужского пола. Объединение всех острых заболеваний органов мошонки единым термином ОЗОМ объясняется схожестью их клинической картины в течение первых 6-12 часов и трудностью дифференциальной диагностики. Цель работы — анализ лечебно-диагностической тактики при острых заболеваниях органов мошонки у мальчиков и подростков в клинике детской хирургии крупного мегаполиса. Ретроспективно были изучены 716 историй болезни мальчиков и подростков с ОЗОМ в возрасте с 6 месяцев до 17 лет, находившихся на лечении в хирургическом отделении № 1 ДГКБ № 9 с 2016 по 2018 г. Структура нозологий ОЗОМ типична: перекрут гидатиды Морганьи — 72,5%, заворот яичка — 14,4%, орхоэпидидимит — 8%, аллергический отек мошонки — 3,2%, повреждения органов мошонки (разрывы, ушибы) — 1,9%. Полное клинико-сонографическое обследование является базисом дифференциальной диагностики, которую проводили в последовательности, обоснованной риском потери репродуктивного здоровья. Консервативное и оперативное лечение ОЗОМ требует сонографического мониторинга, что выполнено всем детям в ближайший и отдаленный период и позволяет своевременно выявить гипо- и атрофические изменения яичка

Development of methods for assessing the reputation of an industrial enterprise

Усиление кризисных явлений в российской экономике актуализирует необходимость контроля изменений динамики позиций предприятия. С количественной стороны это позволяют сделать финансово-экономические инструменты. Методики качественной оценки того, как воспринимается предприятие, какова его позиция в сознании представителей внешней среды недостаточно унифицированы и проработаны, а соответственно и не применяются на большинстве предприятий.Strengthening crisis phenomena in the Russian economy actualizes the need to monitor changes in the dynamics of the company's positions. From a quantitative point of view, it is possible to make financial and economic instruments. The methods of qualitative assessment of how the enterprise is perceived, what its position in the minds of the representatives of the external environment is not sufficiently harmonized and elaborated, and accordingly they are not applied at most enterprises