Bipolynomial Hilbert functions

Let X be a closed subscheme and let HF(X,-) and hp(X,-) denote, respectively, the Hilbert function and the Hilbert polynomial of X. We say that X has bipolynomial Hilbert function if HF(X,d)=min{hp(P^n,d),hp(X,d)} for every non-negative integer d. We show that if X consists of a plane and generic lines, then X has bipolynomial Hilbert function. We also conjecture that generic configurations of non-intersecting linear spaces have bipolynomial Hilbert function

Time-optimal Unitary Operations in Ising Chains II: Unequal Couplings and Fixed Fidelity

We analytically determine the minimal time and the optimal control laws required for the realization, up to an assigned fidelity and with a fixed energy available, of entangling quantum gates ($\mathrm{CNOT}$) between indirectly coupled qubits of a trilinear Ising chain. The control is coherent and open loop, and it is represented by a local and continuous magnetic field acting on the intermediate qubit. The time cost of this local quantum operation is not restricted to be zero. When the matching with the target gate is perfect (fidelity equal to one) we provide exact solutions for the case of equal Ising coupling. For the more general case when some error is tolerated (fidelity smaller than one) we give perturbative solutions for unequal couplings. Comparison with previous numerical solutions for the minimal time to generate the same gates with the same Ising Hamiltonian but with instantaneous local controls shows that the latter are not time-optimal.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

A Study of the Campus Recreation at Utah State Agricultural College

The importance and growth of campus recreation is being felt by leaders throughout the country. Daniels (2, p. 38) summarizes the importance of the total organism in modern education as follows: Ample justification for a consideration of, the problem of recreation may be found in the latest and most authoritative literature in the field of educat1on, as well as in a direct study of conditions found on many college campuses throughout the country. Rooted firmly in the philosophy of modern educatlon is the thought that the total organism must be given the opportunity for experiences of an all-round nature, with these experiences based on the social and biological needs which enable an individual to live most successfully in relation to his particular social group. Acceptance of this philosophy implies the responsibility of devising ways and means whereby campus recreation purposes may be achieved. By no manner of reasoning can such purposes be realized without due consideration of, and provision for, opportunities in a wide range of recreational activities, such as crafts, music, nature, dramatics, sports, and games. Furthermore, these opportunities must be made available to all students and not merely the most talented and highly trained

Brachistochrone of Entanglement for Spin Chains

We analytically investigate the role of entanglement in time-optimal state evolution as an appli- cation of the quantum brachistochrone, a general method for obtaining the optimal time-dependent Hamiltonian for reaching a target quantum state. As a model, we treat two qubits indirectly cou- pled through an intermediate qubit that is directly controllable, which represents a typical situation in quantum information processing. We find the time-optimal unitary evolution law and quantify residual entanglement by the two-tangle between the indirectly coupled qubits, for all possible sets of initial pure quantum states of a tripartite system. The integrals of the motion of the brachistochrone are determined by fixing the minimal time at which the residual entanglement is maximized. Entan- glement plays a role for W and GHZ initial quantum states, and for the bi-separable initial state in which the indirectly coupled qubits have a nonzero value of the 2-tangle.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Time machines: the Principle of Self-Consistency as a consequence of the Principle of Minimal Action

We consider the action principle to derive the classical, non-relativistic motion of a self-interacting particle in a 4-D Lorentzian spacetime containing a wormhole and which allows the existence of closed time-like curves. For the case of a `hard-sphere' self-interaction potential we show that the only possible trajectories (for a particle with fixed initial and final positions and which traverses the wormhole once) minimizing the classical action are those which are globally self-consistent, and that the `Principle of self-consistency' (originally introduced by Novikov) is thus a natural consequence of the `Principle of minimal action.'Comment: 26 pages, plain latex; modified version includes extra constraint for collinear collision case and other minor misprints correction

Square Root Actions, Metric Signature, and the Path-Integral of Quantum Gravity

We consider quantization of the Baierlein-Sharp-Wheeler form of the gravitational action, in which the lapse function is determined from the Hamiltonian constraint. This action has a square root form, analogous to the actions of the relativistic particle and Nambu string. We argue that path-integral quantization of the gravitational action should be based on a path integrand $\exp[ \sqrt{i} S ]$ rather than the familiar Feynman expression $\exp[ i S ]$, and that unitarity requires integration over manifolds of both Euclidean and Lorentzian signature. We discuss the relation of this path integral to our previous considerations regarding the problem of time, and extend our approach to include fermions.Comment: 32 pages, latex. The revision is a more general treatment of the regulator. Local constraints are now derived from a requirement of regulator independenc