INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METAL IN SOIL AND PHYTO MASS OF GRAIN CROPS

It’s common knowledge that heavy metal (HM) can enter the soil together with fertilizers which contaminates agricultural landscapes. The purpose of the research is to study influence of fertilizers on accumulation and migration of Cd, Pb ,Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in soil and plants. The research was conducted during field experiments in chernozem (blacksoil). We studied two levels of plant fertilizing: the first one without fertilizers and the second one with fertilizing of norms of NPK. The fertilizers were distributed in the following way: spring wheat (Triticum vulgare) – N60P60K60; spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oats (Avena sativa) – N45P45K20; millet (Panicum miliaceum) – N30P40K40; peas (Pisum sativum) – N10P60K60; buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) – N45P60K60.v We found out that fertilizing raises the amount of Сd, Рb Zn, Сu, Со and Мn on 10-36% in soil and increases mobility of Zn, Си, Со and Мn on 25%. The increase of fertilizing of spring wheat, barley, oats, millet and buckwheat reduces whole volume of HM migration in phyto mass on 5-30%.  But it also stimulates Pb migration in the plants of spring wheat, migration of Сd, Zn and Сu into bio mass of oats and barley, and migration of Cd and Mn into peas. The main portion of accumulated elements is stored in a root system of a plant, Zn and Cu are able to transport into inflorescence. The volume of HM accumulation in phyto mass of fertilized plants doesn’t exceed TLV

INFLUENCE OF LAND RELIEF (TERRAIN) ON SOIL MOISTURE REGIME AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT AND BARLEY

While cultivating crops on sloping lands it’s necessary to know the level of land relief influence on plant productivity. The purpose of research is to study the effects of different types of slopes on distribution of snow, water reserves in soil and productivity of spring soft wheat and barley. The trials were carried during 2012-2014 years on the lands of SBEI “Aksenovsky Agricultural Technical School”, located on the southern part of Bugulmino-Beleevskaya Hill. The research focused on the north-east, east, south-east, southern and western slopes. The soil of the slopes is leached chernozem (blacksoil). The trials showed that on any sloping lands the greatest amount of snow gathered in the lower part of the slope. It allows accumulating about 11,6-194,3 mm of atmospheric moisture and storing 157-211 mm of water in the upper soil layer (0-0,7m), which is on 35,3-43,3% more than in the upper part of Bugulmino-Beleevskaya Hill. If we plant spring soft wheat in the lower part of the Hill, we’ll obtain the yield of 1,84 – 2,12 t/ha of wheat and 1,80 – 2,27 t/ha of barley. It’s in average on 3,4-29,6% more than the productivity of crops planted in the middle part of the hill and in 1,2-2,1 times more than the productivity of the crops planted in the upper part of the slopes. It’s more appropriate to plant spring wheat on the western slopes and barley on the south-east and northern slopes, if you want to obtain maximum yield of them

Peculiarities of development of the black poplar

The regularities of growth and development of black poplar in various plantings and forest growing conditions are revealed. It is established that the highest tree stands of black poplar are on average 30 m. With a trunk diameter of 44 cm, a class I bonitet, a fullness of the studied rock in a stands of 0, 5 and a stock of wood per 1 ha of 206 m3 are formed in the nettle. The black poplars that grow in the oak forests of the trees have the lowest productivity. The height of the trees and the diameter of the trunks in these forest conditions are on average 42, 1−57, 0 % and 1, 6—1, 8 times less, respectively, than the stands formed in the nettle and the pine-shrub pine forests, as well as by 31, 5 and 33, 3 % of the trees growing in vegetation near the riverside. The black poplar quality class in this type of forest is IV, and the stock of raw wood per 1 ha was only 54 m3, with the standing tree of the studied species of 0, 4

Crystal structure of ZnWO4ZnWO_4 scintillator material in the range of 3-1423 K

The behaviour of the crystal structure of ZnWO(4) was investigated by means of synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction in the range of 3-300 K. Thermal analysis showed the sample's melting around 1486 K upon heating and subsequent solidification at 1442 K upon cooling. Therefore, the structure was also investigated at 1423 K by means of neutron diffraction. It is found that the compound adopts the wolframite structure type over the whole temperature range investigated. The lattice parameters and volume of ZnWO($_4$) at low temperatures were parametrized on the basis of the first order Grüneisen approximation and a Debye model for an internal energy. The expansivities along the a- and b-axes adopt similar values and saturate close to 8 × 10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$, whereas the expansion along the c-axis is much smaller and shows no saturation up to 300 K. The minimum expansivity corresponds to the direction close to the c-axis where edge-sharing linkages of octahedra occur

CaCrO3CaCrO_3: An Anomalous Antiferromagnetic Metallic Oxide

Combining infrared reflectivity, transport, susceptibility and several diffraction techniques, we find compelling evidence that CaCrO3 is a rare case of a metallic and antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxide with a three-dimensional electronic structure. LSDA calculations correctly describe the metallic behavior as well as the anisotropic magnetic ordering pattern of C type: The high Cr valence state induces via sizeable pd hybridization remarkably strong next-nearest neighbor interactions stabilizing this ordering. The subtle balance of magnetic interactions gives rise to magneto-elastic coupling, explaining pronounced structural anomalies observed at the magnetic ordering transition