Unveiling What Lies Beneath! Intraglandular Sialolith: A Clinical Dilemma

Sialolithiasis is the most common disease affecting the salivary glands and accounts for 30% of all salivary gland disorders, affecting 0.01 to 1% of the population Submandibular gland being the most common site, with the incidence of intraglandular sialolith much rarer as compared to the intraductal ones and they may go undetected for years. Their findings are usually incidental, unless an acute phase is encountered. Here, we present a case report of 26-year-old male patient in whom the intraglandular (submandibular) sialolith was encountered incidentally on the radiographs

Osteoid Osteoma of the Mandible: A Rare Entity

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of the bone which has seldom been described in the jaws. It was first described as a distinct clinical entity by Jaffe in 1935. Lichtenstein defined osteoid osteoma as a "small, oval or roundish tumor like nidus which is composed of osteoid and trabeculae of newly formed bone deposited within a substratum of highly vascularized osteogenic connective tissue". The most interesting clinical feature of osteoid osteoma is the exquisite pain produced by a very small lesion, never greater than one centimeter in diameter. It accounts for 3% of all primary bone tumors, and about 10% of benign bone tumors. About 80% of cases of osteoid osteoma occur in long bones, while less than 1 % occur in jaws. We report a case of an 18-year-old male patient with osteoid osteoma of right side of the mandible

Micronucleus Assay for Evaluation of Genotoxicity in Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders

Oral cancer is a common malignancy, ranking first among all cancers in Western and Asian countries. It is preceded by some benign lesions or conditions, which are termed precancerous. Only one-third of people at the precancerous stage of disease succumb to cancer, it would be of practical importance to identify individuals at risk among them. Biomarkers, instruments of individual tumor prevention, help to detect high-risk patents. The induction of micronucleus is considered to bean effective biomarker of diseases- In the recent past, a great deal of enthusiasm was raised by application of the micronucleus test to assess DNA damage in human population. The present study is aimed at the evaluation of frequency of micronuclei in smears of oral exfoliated cells. A total of 33 patients with potentially malignant (leukoplakia, OSMF, lichen planus) and malignant oral epithelial diseases from the department of oral medicine and radiology were considered as study group and compared with 33 age and sex matched healthy controls. Micronucleus frequencies were found higher in diseased patients than in control subjects- Hence, concluded that the micronucleus assay can be used as a prognostic indicator in potentially malignant and malignant disorders

Automated dental identification system: An aid to forensic odontology

Automated dental identification system is computer-aided software for the postmortem identification of deceased individuals based on dental characteristics specifically radiographs. This system is receiving increased attention because of the large number of victims encountered in the mass disasters and it is 90% more time saving and accurate than the conventional radiographic methods. This technique is based on the intensity of the overall region of tooth image and therefore it does not necessitate the presence of sharp boundary between the teeth. It provides automated search and matching capabilities for digitized radiographs and photographic dental images and compares the teeth present in multiple digitized dental records in order to access their similarity. This paper highlights the functionality of its components and techniques used in realizing these components

Osteoid Osteoma of the Mandible: A Rare Entity

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of the bone which has seldom been described in the jaws. It was first described as a distinct clinical entity by Jaffe in 1935. Lichtenstein defined osteoid osteoma as a "small, oval or roundish tumor like nidus which is composed of osteoid and trabeculae of newly formed bone deposited within a substratum of highly vascularized osteogenic connective tissue". The most interesting clinical feature of osteoid osteoma is the exquisite pain produced by a very small lesion, never greater than one centimeter in diameter. It accounts for 3% of all primary bone tumors, and about 10% of benign bone tumors. About 80% of cases of osteoid osteoma occur in long bones, while less than 1 % occur in jaws. We report a case of an 18-year-old male patient with osteoid osteoma of right side of the mandible

Leiomyoma of the gingiva: A rarity

Leiomyoma is a benign tumor originating from the smooth muscle. The most frequent site of appearance is uterine myometrium, gastrointestinal tract and skin. They are rare in oral cavity (0.065%) due to the scarcity of smooth muscles. The most common sites of occurrence in oral cavity are tongue, lips, hard and soft palate and cheeks. Other less frequent locations are the floor of mouth and gingiva. We present a rare case of leiomyoma in a 20-year-old female patent, present since 6 years involving the gingiva between lower left canine and first premolar. Clinical and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma