Introduction to Seaweeds

Seaweeds are macroscopic marine algae, form one of the important living resources of the ocean. The geographical distributions of seaweeds is very extensive and are found mainly in Chile, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Brazil, Madagascar, Vietnam, Philippines, North Korea, Taiwan and South Africa. A total of nearly 700 species of marine algae have been recorded from different parts of Indian coasts, of these about 60 species are commercially important

MARKET SAMPLE SURVEY OF CROCUS SATIVUS LINN. TO ASSESS THE GENUINITY FOR USING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND HIGH-PRESSURE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY USING DETECTION OF FLAVONOIDS

Objective: Herbalism is a traditional medicine or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts. Many of the drugs used in conventional medicine are dried from herbs. Despite the fluctuation in prices in international markets, saffron was still remained the most expensive spice. The main aim of this study is to examine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, high-pressure thin layer chromatography using flavanoid analysis and adulteration detection of saffron. Crocus sativus. Linn is a perennial stemless herb of the Iridaceae family. Saffron stigmas of sample1, sample2, sample3and sample4 are collected from different rates of the market sample from Thrissur district, sample5 collected from the Oushadhi premises, and it is collected from Himachal Pradesh. Methods: In this study detecting the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, high-pressure thin layer chromatography using flavanoid analysis of different samples of saffron stigmas. The extracts were prepared by using ethanol as a solvent. Results: Safranal is present only in s5 sample. It is the main essential volatile oil responsible for the saffron characteristic such as odour. Phenolic content is varied in different market samples. The amount of phenolic compounds in the saffron extract was determined using the Folin-ciocalteau reagent. Total phenolic content is the help to detect the pure and fake saffron. The phenolic content is higher in S5. Sample S5 showed 0.737 mg/ml phenolic content. Lowest level of phenolic content in sample S3. Sample S3 showed 0.0887 mg/ml phenolic content. Sample S4 showed 0.564 mg/ml total phenolic content. Sample S1 showed 0.416 mg/ml total phenolic content and sample S2 showed 0.267 mg/ml phenolic content. Antioxidant activity is higher in sample s5. and it is different in different market samples. Sample 5 stigma posses higher antioxidant activity. Sample S5 showing 14.88% antioxidant activity in 100 mg/ml concentration, 7.26% in 80 mg/ml concentration, 2.23% in 60 mg/ml concentration, 2.21% in 40 mg/ml and 1.01% in 20 mg/ml concentration. Sample S3 showed the lower antioxidant activity in 0.1% in 60 mg/ml concentration and 0.1% in 80 mg/ml. Ascorbic acid standard showing 14.89% in 100 mg/ml concentration, 7.26% in 80 mg/ml concentration, 4.56% in 60 mg/ml concentration, and 3.1% in 40 mg/ml concentration, and 1% in 20 mg/ml concentration. Flavonoid content is different in different samples. It is present highly present in sample s1 and s5. sample s3 do not contain the Flavanoid. The quality of the samples depend on the price values. Conclusion: The authenticity of saffron is an extremely important matter for the industry and for the consumers in view of security and protection,quality assurance, active properties and last but not least, economic impact. Despite the fluctuation in prices in international markets, saffron was and still remains the most expensive spice. The genuine saffron samples possess higher price value. The fake saffron available in the market with lower price value. The quality of the saffron depends upon the price values. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification and standardization of the drug in crude form and would help to distinguish the drug from its other spices

DEMING VALUES AND TEACHERSâ€: SURVEY RESULTS PRESENTED AS A RESEARCH PAPER

Quality is an imperative factor considered for surveys in almost all organizations. It is a common term used for characterizing a service, product or an individual trait. The study shows the applicability of Deming's 14 point principles of quality management among teachers. In this competitive world people give more importance to ensure quality in every sector. Education sector is also treated as a globally competing marketplace in the present scenario. It is therefore indispensable to meet global standards to survive with the competitors. William Edward Deming is the Father of Total Quality Management.  His 14-point principles are the major highlight of this study. The analysis revealed an optimistic result and it could be fixed that the topic has a scope for further learning.    Â

Glimpses of Personal Effectiveness: The Significance of Attitude and Attainment

Speaking the relevance of the topic, the major aim of the session is to highlight the most essential quality of positive attitude development among the trainees and thereby bringing about attainment of personal effectiveness to lead a successful and meaningful life

Assembling a Small Scale Aquaponics System

An Aquaponics is the integration of traditional aquaculture with hydroponics. Commercial aquaponics uses methods and equipment from both the hydroponics and aquaculture industries. Effluents from aquatic animals are used by plants as food. In the process, the plants purify water for the aquatic animals. The fish waste provides an organic food source for the plants and the plants act as a natural filter. This nitrogen cycle is at the heart of aquaponics

Developing Aptitude and Using Power of Sub-conscious Mind as Character Building Tool

Visualization is the process of creating and seeing a mental picture of the kind of thing we want to have or do, or the kind of person we want to be. Visualization goes hand in hand with auto-suggestion. Auto-suggestion without visualization is mechanical repetition and will be ineffective. In order to see results, auto-suggestion must be accompanied by feelings and emotions (visualization). The important caution regarding the auto-suggestion is that it may not be acceptable to the mind the first time you do it because it is an alien thought

Logarithmic Correction to BPS Black Hole Entropy from Supersymmetric Index at Finite Temperature

It has been argued by Iliesiu, Kologlu and Turiaci in arXiv:2107.09062 that one can compute the supersymmetric index of black holes using black hole geometry carrying finite temperature but a specific complex angular velocity. We follow their prescription to compute the logarithmic correction to the entropy of BPS states in four dimensions, defined as the log of the index of supersymmetric black holes, and find perfect agreement with the previous results for the same quantity computed using the near horizon $AdS_2 \times S^2$ geometry of zero temperature black holes. Besides giving an independent computation of supersymmetric black hole entropy, this analysis also provides a test of the procedure used previously for computing logarithmic corrections to Schwarzschild and other non-extremal black hole entropy.Comment: 23 page

जलवायु परिवर्तन से निपटने के लिए परिवार - ClimEd Series - (Households in combating climate change- ClimEd Series:5B)

Earth’s climate is always changing. In the past, it has gone through warmer and cooler periods which last for thousands of years. The changing climate can be due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Natural causes include changes in earth's orbit, sunspot activity; ocean changes and volcanic eruptions. Recently earth’s climate has been warming alarmingly which is mainly due to human activities like burning of coal, oil and natural gas which can lead to severe impacts across the globe