Ablation of biological tissues by radiation of strontium vapor laser

A two-stage laser system consisting of a master oscillator and a power amplifier based on sources of selfcontaine

An oscillograms processing algorithm of a high power transformer on the basis of experimental data

The paper presents the studies on digital processing of oscillograms of the power transformer operation allowing determining the state of its windings of different types and degrees of damage. The study was carried out according to the authors' own methods using the Fourier analysis and the developed program based on the following application software packages: MathCAD and Lab View. The efficiency of the algorithm was demonstrated by the example of the waveform non-defective and defective transformers on the basis of the method of nanosecond pulses

Analysis of the state of electronic banking services in the Arab countries

The analysis of the provision of electronic banking services in Arab countries has been performed. The banking sector is an important part of the economy in any country, however in the Arab countries there are certain problems in the application of the concept of electronic banking. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of approaches to the application of information and communication technologies in the banking sector in Algeria, the United Arab Emirates and Syria, identification of the features and bottlenecks in the development of electronic banking services.It has been shown that in order to develop a strong economy and provide quality services that meet customer needs, Arab countries are clearly keen to implement the concept of electronic banking in their banks, but there are still some obstacles which prevent them from competing with international financial organisations. On the other hand, there are several successful scenarios for providing electronic services around the world, for example, the experience of the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Lebanon and other Arab countries.To assess the level of use of electronic services by the Syrian population at the present time, the authors conducted a survey of clients of the Syrian state and private banks. Based on the survey results, it has been concluded that customers are interested in receiving services in electronic form, but this is hindered by the political situation in the country and a number of other problems. General conclusions have been made about the priority of measures that should be taken at the state level in order for Arab banks to meet modern trends in the financial sector

Analysis of the current situation in the field of electronic services in Syrian banks and prospects for their development

The study is aimed at determining the level of electronic services provided in Syrian banks and identifying the level of their compliance with the trends of modern technological developments. The authors make the comparison of the Syrian banks with the best practices of using information technologies to provide their services by world banks that use the concept of electronic service.The study showed, that despite the banking sector in Syria is striving to be modern and improve along with technological developments, there is a significant reduction in the use of electronic banking. Syrian banks are required to adhere to a sufficient number of material and technical requirements to implement the concept of a real electronic service. Among the priority tasks the authors highlight the expansion of the use of electronic money in the country, the network of ATM machines, bank cards. However, in order to reach the level of global banks, it is important to move to a digital omnichannel development strategy.As an example of the implementation of ecosystem projects, the paper considers some of leading Russian companies that build their ecosystem around customers based on the principle of “Lifestyle Banking”. Based on Russian practice, the article presents a number of recommendations that will improve the electronic banking of Syria. This will allow the country not only to restore the banking system, but also give the opportunity to keep up with global technological advances, as well as compete with international banks

Istraživanje γ-RASPADA složene JEZGRE 168Er nastale reakcijom (n, 2γ)

The information derived from the spectra of two-step γ-cascades proceeding between the compound state of 168Er and its low-lying (Ef < 1.1 MeV) levels is analysed. The data on the most intensive cascades resolved experimentally were used to verify and make more precise the already known decay scheme of this nucleus and to extend it to higher excitation energies. The degree of its completeness was estimated numerically for a decay scheme of 91 levels with Eex < 3.14 MeV. Total intensities of all cascades (including those unresolved experimentally which form continuous parts of the experimental spectra) were used for testing the models which attempt to explain and describe the cascade γ-decay process in the excitation energy diapason up to the neutron binding energy Bn.Analiziramo podatke o spektrima dvojnih gama kaskada između stanja složene jezgre i nisko-ležećih stanja (Ef < 1.1 MeV) 168Er. Podaci o najintenzivnijim eksperimentalno-razlučenim kaskadama se rabe za provjeru i utočnjenje već poznate sheme raspada te jezgre i njeno proširenje na više energije uzbude. Stupanj potpunosti se određuje numerički za shemu sa 91 stanjem za Eex < 3.14 MeV. Ukupni intenziteti svih kaskada (uključiv i one koje nisu eksperimentalno razlučene a čine neprekidne dijelove spektra) primjenjuju se za ispitivanje modela koji neuspješno pokušavaju objasniti i opisati kaskadne procese γ-raspada u području energija uzbude do energije vezanja neutrona Bn

Istraživanje γ-RASPADA složene JEZGRE 168Er nastale reakcijom (n, 2γ)

The information derived from the spectra of two-step γ-cascades proceeding between the compound state of 168Er and its low-lying (Ef < 1.1 MeV) levels is analysed. The data on the most intensive cascades resolved experimentally were used to verify and make more precise the already known decay scheme of this nucleus and to extend it to higher excitation energies. The degree of its completeness was estimated numerically for a decay scheme of 91 levels with Eex < 3.14 MeV. Total intensities of all cascades (including those unresolved experimentally which form continuous parts of the experimental spectra) were used for testing the models which attempt to explain and describe the cascade γ-decay process in the excitation energy diapason up to the neutron binding energy Bn.Analiziramo podatke o spektrima dvojnih gama kaskada između stanja složene jezgre i nisko-ležećih stanja (Ef < 1.1 MeV) 168Er. Podaci o najintenzivnijim eksperimentalno-razlučenim kaskadama se rabe za provjeru i utočnjenje već poznate sheme raspada te jezgre i njeno proširenje na više energije uzbude. Stupanj potpunosti se određuje numerički za shemu sa 91 stanjem za Eex < 3.14 MeV. Ukupni intenziteti svih kaskada (uključiv i one koje nisu eksperimentalno razlučene a čine neprekidne dijelove spektra) primjenjuju se za ispitivanje modela koji neuspješno pokušavaju objasniti i opisati kaskadne procese γ-raspada u području energija uzbude do energije vezanja neutrona Bn

Методика отбора регионов-конкурентов на основе их специализации (на примере Амурской области)

Purpose of the study. The paper presents the author’s methodology for selecting competing regions based on their specialization. The formation of a statistical set of competing regions is one of the stages of the methodology for managing the competitiveness of a region. The selection of competing regions precedes the stage of assessing the region’s competitiveness and identifying its competitive advantages. Ignoring the stage of selecting competing regions in the study of regional competitiveness leads to leveling out the differences between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in socio-economic conditions of development and reduces the possibility of making effective management decisions to increase the competitiveness of the country’s regions. The purpose of the paper is to improve the methodology for selecting competing regions based on their specialization.Materials and methods. In the process of achieving the goal, statistical methods of analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and the main array method were used. Calculations were made in SPSS Statistics and Excel programs. The paper used statistical data from Rosstat. To perform the calculations, GVA was considered in the Russian National Classifier of Types of Economic Activity2 structure for 2020.Results. The article improves the methodology for selecting competing regions based on their specialization. The method under consideration contains 7 stages. Its difference from the previous methodology is the addition of two stages: extracting factors of GVA shares or localization coefficients by type of economic activity of regions using factor analysis and clustering of regions based on selected factors. To test the methodology, localization coefficients were calculated by type of economic activity of the regions of the Russian Federation for 2020. Their descriptive statistics are presented. A set of competing regions has been formed for the Amur region. The region’s competitors are 11 regions of the country, in which “mining” and “construction” predominate.Conclusion. Solving the problem of forming a statistical set of competing regions is an important condition for the objectivity and reliability of the results of assessing the competitiveness of regions. The paper shows that the selection of competing regions must be carried out taking into account the specialization of the region, which is an expression of the level of socio-economic development of the region and its specifics. Dividing the totality of the country’s regions into homogeneous groups in accordance with their specialization allows for a qualitative analysis of the competitiveness of the regions within each individual group. The presented technique is universal, because its information base can be both the sectoral structure of the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation and the localization coefficients calculated on its basis, characterizing the specialization of the regions. Цель исследования. В статье представлена авторская методика отбора регионов-конкурентов на основе их специализации. Формирование статистической совокупности регионов-конкурентов является одним из этапов методики управления конкурентоспособностью региона. Отбор регионов-конкурентов предшествует этапу проведения оценки конкурентоспособности региона и выявления его конкурентных преимуществ. Игнорирование этапа отбора регионов-конкурентов в исследовании конкурентоспособности регионов приводит к нивелированию различий субъектов Российской Федерации по социально-экономическим условиям развития и снижает возможность принятия эффективных управленческих решений по повышению конкурентоспособности регионов страны. Цель статьи – совершенствование методики отбора регионов-конкурентов на основе их специализации.Материалы и методы. В процессе достижения цели использовались статистические методы анализа, факторный анализ, кластерный анализ, метод основного массива. Расчеты производились в программах SPSS Statistics и Excel. В работе использованы статистические данные Росстата. Для выполнения расчетов рассматривалась ВДС в структуре ОКВЭД2 за 2020 г.Результаты. В статье усовершенствована методика отбора регионов-конкурентов на основе их специализации. Рассматриваемая методика содержит 7 этапов. Её отличием от предшествующей методики является добавление двух этапов: извлечения факторов долей ВДС или коэффициентов локализации по видам экономической деятельности регионов с помощью факторного анализа и кластеризации регионов на основе выделенных факторов. Для апробации методики рассчитаны коэффициенты локализации в разрезе видов экономической деятельности субъектов Российской Федерации за 2020 г. Представлена их описательная статистика. Совокупность регионов-конкурентов сформирована для Амурской области. Конкурентами области являются 11 регионов страны, в которых преобладают «добыча полезных ископаемых» и «строительство».Заключение. Решение проблемы формирования статистической совокупности регионов-конкурентов является важным условием объективности и достоверности результатов оценки конкурентоспособности регионов. В статье показано, что отбор регионов-конкурентов необходимо проводить с учетом специализации региона, которая является выражением уровня социально-экономического развития региона, его специфики. Разделение совокупности регионов страны на однородные группы в соответствии с их специализацией позволяет провести качественный анализ конкурентоспособности регионов внутри каждой отдельной группы. Представленная методика является универсальной, т.к. её информационной базой может выступать как отраслевая структура экономики регионов Российской Федерации, так и рассчитанные на ее основе коэффициенты локализации, характеризующие специализацию регионов

Modern approaches to digital product development in the conditions of market variability

Currently, the interest in design thinking in the world has made it possible to add many techniques and visual schemes that can solve various kinds of problems, including for building a strategy to achieve the company’s goals, its corporate spirit and the development of creative skills of its employees. Already today, it is possible to call the merit of design thinking the shift of emphasis in corporate goals to customer orientation, to the mobilization of collective intelligence to solve problems, to understanding the importance of empathy, creativity and entrepreneurship. A comparative analysis of existing design thinking frameworks is given, including from researchers of companies and design centers such as Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University (d.school), The HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research Program, Stanford d.school’s Design Thinking framework (IDEO), Google, Intel. Frameworks structure the process of design thinking in 5-6 phases: from empathy, when the needs and requests of consumers are studied, to testing an innovative product or service being created. The place of “design thinking” approach in the general concept of human-centered design is shown. The task of design thinking, the development of innovative products or services focused on human needs, is to provide a solution to a specific problem of a certain target audience. The paper outlines the principles of designing a digital innovative product. The five steps of designing a new product are described and the features of using various visualization techniques are given. The study uses such tools as the “Persona” model, Job Stories and User Stories frameworks. The creating process features of an innovative product based on the integration of design thinking, Lean Startup methodology and the theory of Jobs to Be Done are described. The life cycle of the innovation development “Creation – Evaluation – Training” is presented which is based on the process of validated learning. Changes in the outline of the business model in the lean startup methodology are presented. New segments have been added to the Lean Canvas business model – “Key Partners”, “Key Activities”, “Key Resources”, “Consumer Relations”

Использование отраслевой структуры экономики для отбора регионов-конкурентов (на примере Амурской области)

One of the stages of the statistical study of the competitiveness of a region is the selection of competing regions.Purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to form a statistical set of regions-competitors based on the sectoral structure of the economy.Materials and methods. As research methods in this article, the method of the main array, factorial, cluster methods, statistical methods are chosen. The statistical data of Rosstat were used for the study. To perform the calculations, the GVA was considered in the structure of Russian National Classifier of Types of Economic Activity2 for 2019. Results. With the help of factor analysis, 19 types of economic activity of the regions were grouped according to similarities and differences. As a result, six factors were formed, each of which collected dependent types of economic activity. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to form groups of regions with a similar sectoral structure of the economy. The study involved 85 regions of the Russian Federation. Cluster analysis made it possible to solve the methodological problem of determining the boundaries of GVA intervals for certain types of economic activity in the selection of competing regions.The paper shows that for the Amur Region, nine regions of the Russian Federation should be considered as competing regions. The regions of this cluster are united by a high share of gross value added by the types of activity “Transportation and storage”, “Public administration”, “Trade”. At the same time, competitors are regions from different federal districts: 70% of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, 20% of the Southern Federal District, 10% of the Siberian Federal District. The main results of the study are the following: 1) a high variation of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2019 was revealed by the type of economic activity “Mining” and “Manufacturing”; 2) a grouping of 19 types of economic activity of the regions was carried out using the factor analysis method; 3) a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation was carried out according to the sectoral structure of gross value added for 2019; five clusters were received. Conclusion. This paper shows that the selection of competing regions must be carried out using the sectoral structure of the region’s economy. Consideration of the region’ specialization is an important requirement of the selection methodology. The advantage of the author’s methodology is its universality, objectivity and reflection of the specialization of the region. As a direction for further research, one should consider determining the specialization of regions using localization coefficients and, on its basis, the formation of a statistical set of competing regions. The presented sample of regions is necessary for assessing their competitiveness.Одним из этапов статистического исследования конкурентоспособности региона является отбор регионов-конкурентов. Цель исследования. Целью статьи является формирование статистической совокупности регионов-конкурентов на основе отраслевой структуры экономики.Материалы и методы. В качестве методов исследования в данной статье выбраны метод основного массива, факторный, кластерный методы, статистические методы. Для проведения исследования использованы статистические данные Росстата. Для выполнения расчетов рассматривалась ВДС в структуре ОКВЭД2 за 2019 г.Результаты. С помощью факторного анализа выполнена группировка 19 видов экономической деятельности регионов по сходству и различиям. В результате образовалось 6 факторов, каждый из которых собрал зависимые виды экономической деятельности. Использование кластерного анализа позволило сформировать группы регионов, имеющих похожую отраслевую структуру экономики. В исследовании приняло участие 85 регионов Российской Федерации. Кластерный анализ позволил решить методологическую проблему определения границ интервалов ВДС по отдельным видам экономической деятельности при отборе регионов-конкурентов. В работе показано, что для Амурской области в качестве регионов-конкурентов следует рассматривать 9 субъектов Российской Федерации. Регионы данного кластера объединяет высокая доля валовой добавленной стоимости по видам деятельности «Транспортировка и хранение», «Государственное управление», «Торговля». При этом конкурентами являются регионы из разных федеральных округов: 70% регионов Дальневосточного федерального округа, 20% – Южного ФО, 10% – Сибирского ФО. Основными результатами исследования являются следующие: 1) выявлена высокая вариация субъектов Российской Федерации в 2019 г. по виду экономической деятельности «Добыча полезных ископаемых» и «Обрабатывающие производства»; 2) выполнена группировка 19 видов экономической деятельности регионов методом факторного анализа; 3) проведен кластерный анализ регионов Российской Федерации по отраслевой структуре валовой добавленной стоимости за 2019 г.; получено 5 кластеров. Заключение. В настоящей работе показано, что отбор регионов-конкурентов необходимо выполнять, используя отраслевую структуру экономики региона. Учет специализации региона является важным требованием методики отбора. Преимуществом авторской методики является ее универсальность, объективность и отражение специализации региона. В качестве направления дальнейших исследований следует рассмотреть определение специализации регионов с помощью коэффициентов локализации и на ее основе формирование статистической совокупности регионов-конкурентов. Представленная выборка регионов необходима для проведения оценки их конкурентоспособности

TOBACCO SMOKING AND LUNG DISEASES: EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT APPROACHES

The review presents data on the significant increase of tobacco smoking prevalence and its harmful effect on the development and course of chronic respiratory diseases: tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Negative consequences of tobacco smoking are caused by chronic intoxication of the host by the components of tobacco smoke providing impact on various organs and cells of the host, thus causing a big variety of diseases. Both active and passive smoking deteriorates their course and increase the risk of exacerbation, hinders taking control over the disease and interferes with adequate response to drugs.Current approaches to treatment of tobacco addiction have been presented. There are several ways to overcome nicotine addiction – drug therapy and the other forms of therapy. Integrated approach to tobacco smoking management allows achieving success in 30% of cases within short period of time with continuous and quality remissions