Genetic Profiling of the Causative Agents of Natural-Focal infections, Circulating in the Stavropol Territory

Objective of the study was genetic typing of the strains and nucleic acid isolates of causative agents of natural focal infections, both bacterial and viral etiology, accumulation of data on genetic features of regional strains cir­culating in the Stavropol Territory. Material and methods. To study the genetic spectrum of causative agents of natural- focal infections, analysis of the strains and nucleic acids isolates detected in the samples of field and clinical material was carried out. Indication of causative agents of natural focal infections in the samples was carried out by PCR. For genetic typing of the strains and DNA/RNA isolates of natural focal infections agents, MLVA and sequencing of genome regions with subsequent phylogenetic analysis were used. The analysis of territorial distribution of the causative agent genetic variants and mapping was performed in ArcGIS 10.1. Results and conclusions. MLVA-25 typing of 20 strains of Francisella. tularensis, MLVA-10 typing of 4 Coxiella burnetii isolates, species identification of 20 isolates of Rickettsia sp., sub-species genetic typing of 40 RNA isolates of CCHF virus and 8 RNA isolates of hantaviruses circulating in the Stavropol Territory in 2016-2017 were performed. The studied strains of F. tularensis belong to eight MLVA genotypes. They are mainly confined to specific areas. The isolates of C. burnetii have the same MLVA type. Rickettsia, belonging to 5 species: R. massiliae R. raoultii, R. sibirica, R. aeschlimannii, R. slovaca, RNA-isolates of hantavirus of the «Tula» genotype and variants of the CCHF virus of the Europe-1 and Europe-3 genotypes were identified. The obtained data can be used in the epidemiological investigation of possible cases of infectious diseases to determine the source and pathways of infection

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016, AND PROGNOSIS FOR 2017

Abstract. This paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in Russia in 2016. Summarized are the results of epizootiological survey of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the south of the European part of Russia, discussed are the results of genetic typing of CCHFV RNA isolates. In 2016, the Russian Federation reported 162 cases of CHF. Increase in the incidence of CHF occurred in the Astrakhan, Volgograd Regions, Republic of Kalmykia, and Stavropol Territory. For the first time CHF case was identified in Kabardino-Balkar Republic. In 2016 in stationary points for the long-term observation of the natural CHF focus, high abundance rates of larvae and nymphs of H. marginatum remain. In case of successful Ixodidae ticks wintering and late onset of the hot and dry season in the summer, 2017, there is probability that high numbers of H. marginatum will be retained and the period of the imago activity is prolonged, which may in its turn  contribute to the increase in CHF morbidity rates

Epidemiological Situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2012 and Prognosis for 2013

Represented is epidemiological evaluation of the morbidity rate as regards Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Russia in 2012. Summarized are the results of epizootiological surveillance over the territory of CHF natural focus in the South of European part of Russia. Forecast of CCHF epidemiological situation development for 2013 is made based on the epizootiological monitoring data

Analysis of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Morbidity Rates in the Russian Federation in 2017 and Prognosis for 2018

This paper presents the analysis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) morbidity rates in Russia in 2017; summarized are the results of epidemiological survey of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the south of the European part of Russia, discussed are the results of genetic typing of CCHF virus isolates. In 2017, the Russian Federation reported 78 cases of CHF. Decrease in the incidence of CHF occurred in the Volgograd Region, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Republic of Kalmykia, and Rostov Region. For the first time since 1967, CHF case has been identified in Crimea Republic. It is expected that the level of epizootic activity of CHF natural focus in Russia in 2018 will be at least equal to 2017. In case of favorable for Ixodidae ticks weather and climate conditions of the winter 2017–2018, as well as untimely acaricidal treatments, the number of Ixodidae ticks may increase, which along with the high scale of CCHF virus infection in ticks, will contribute to the increase in CHF incidence

Analysis of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2013 and Prognosis for 2014

Crimean hemorrhagic fever remains one of the priority infections in the South of Russia. Within the past five years morbidity rates are retained consistently high in a number of regions; mortality rates are on average 4.4 %. In 2013 registered were 79 cases of CHF in the Southern and North-Caucasian Federal Districts. Therewith performed has been analysis of epidemiological situation on CHF in the Russian Federation for 2013, summarized have been the results of epizootiological surveillance of the natural CHF focus area in the South of European Russia, discussed are the results of genetic CCHF virus typing, identified in 2011-2013 in the South of Russia. Based on epizootiological surveillance data made has been the forecast of epidemiological situation development as regards CHF for 2014

Epidemiological Situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2019 and Forecast for 2020

The review presents an analysis of epidemic and epizootic situation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Russian Federation in 2010–2019, summarizes the results of epizootiological monitoring of the CCHF natural focus territory in the south of European part of Russia. An unfavorable epidemiological situation regarding CCHF is maintained in the Russian Federation. In 2010–2019, 999 CCHF cases were registered in nine regions of Southern and North-Caucasian Federal Districts. In 2019, an increase in the CCHF incidence level in the entities of the SFD and NCFD was observed as compared to 2017–2018. The expansion of the territory with registered epidemic manifestations of CCHF continues. In 2010–2019, the number of imago and pre-imaginal phases of Hyalomma marginatum – the main vector of the CCHF virus in Russia, remained consistently high. High numbers of H. marginatum ticks and their CCHFV infection rates can contribute to the development of an unfavorable epidemiological situation in the south of the Russian Federation with a possible increase in the CCHF incidence in 2020

Performance of the SAET of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi

Given is a general overview of the SAET performance during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games, 2014 in Sochi. Discussed are the peculiarities of work management of the SAET diagnostic facilities; represented are the data on the structure and scope of laboratory investigations of clinical material and environmental samples. Analyzed is the experience of operation under major international mass event. Consequently, it is concluded that current SAET structure, its stuffing and equipping, the laid-up stock of preparations and test-systems have allowed for coping with a diverse task complex in the laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases and indication of their agents

Epizootic Situation in the Crimean Federal District as Follows from Epidemiological Survey Results, 2014

The territory of the Crimean Peninsula is an endemic one as regards various natural-focal infections. The paper contains the data on epizootiological survey of 8 administrative regions of the Crimean Federal District (CFD). Carried out has been small mammals and Ixodidae ticks census. Identified is their species composition. Performed have been the field samples collection and laboratory studies for the presence of bacterial and viral infection agents. Established is the fact that H. marginatum is a dominating species among the ticks, collected during the spring season, while the house mouse prevails among the small mammals. As for the autumn collection of samples, the dominating species are H. punctata and common vole, respectively. Laboratory investigation results indicate the circulation of the agents of Ku fever, tick-borne spotty fever, Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis

Эффективность электрохимическом мембранной очистки технологических растворов от сульфата меди и тринатрийфосфата

The paper considers the potential practical application of an electrochemical membrane method in the process of copper sulfate and trisodium phosphate removal from industrial water. The research objects were process solutions containing copper sulfate and trisodium phosphate and semipermeable polymeric membranes with various selective permeability characteristics. The study covers the effect that the transmembrane parameters of electromembrane separation have on the main kinetic characteristics of MGA-95P and OPM-K membranes in the process of copper smelting production water treatment. Approximation expressions were obtained to calculate membrane rejection rate depending on the physicochemical basis of the semipermeable membrane polymer, transmembrane pressure as well as process solution concentration and temperature. Empirical coefficients were determined to calculate and predict rejection rate values that can be used in the design of laboratory, pilot and industrial units used in the separation, treatment and concentration of industrial and waste water. The mathematical model of mass transfer was developed for electrochemical membrane separation taking into account assumptions made based on the solutions of the Nernst—Planck and Poisson—Boltzmann equations. This model allows for process physical description and calculations of concentration fields in the intermembrane channel and concentration changes in permeate and retentate lines. The mathematical model was checked for adequacy by comparing experimental data on retention rate with theoretical values where discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical data were within the limits of the experimental error and the error of calculated values.Рассмотрены возможности практического применения электрохимического мембранного метода в процессе очистки технологических вод от сульфата меди и тринатрийфосфата. Объектами исследования были технологические растворы, содержащие сульфат меди и тринатрийфосфат, и полупроницаемые мембраны полимерного вида с различными селективно-проницаемыми характеристиками. Изучено влияние трансмембранных параметров проведения электромембранного процесса разделения на основные кинетические характеристики мембран МГА-95П и ОПМ-К при очистке технологических вод медеплавильного производства. Получены аппроксимационные выражения для расчета коэффициента задержания мембраны в зависимости от физико-химической основы полимера полупроницаемой мембраны, величины трансмембранного давления, концентрации и температуры технологического раствора. Определены эмпирические коэффициенты, позволяющие рассчитывать и прогнозировать значения коэффициента задержания, которые могут быть использованы в проектировании лабораторных, пилотных и промышленных установок, применяемых в производственных процессах разделения, очистки и концентрирования технологических и сточных вод. Разработана математическая модель массопереноса электрохимического мембранного разделения с учетом принятых допущений на основе решений уравнений Нернста—Планка и Пуассона—Больцмана, позволяющая физически описать процесс и рассчитать поля концентраций в межмембранном канале и изменения концентраций в трактах пермеата и ретентата. Проведена проверка адекватности математической модели путем сравнения экспериментальных данных по коэффициенту задержания с его теоретическими значениями. Расхождение между ними оказалось в пределах ошибки эксперимента и погрешности расчетных величин

ORGANIZATION OF LABORATORY RESEARCH OF CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES DURING THE ANTHRAX OUTBREAK IN THE YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT IN 2016

Presented are the order and features of organization of operative diagnostic and monitoring studies of the material during the anthrax outbreak in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in 2016. Characterized are the main directions of the laboratory base work. Represented are the results of laboratory studies of various materials (clinical samples, material from animals, samples of environmental objects) for the presence of Bacillus anthracis