191 research outputs found

    Protein-lipid Interactions: Influence of Anchoring Groups and Buried Arginine on the Properties of Membrane-spanning Peptides

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    Designed transmembrane peptides were employed for investigations of protein-lipid interactions by means of oriented solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy using isotope-enriched alanine residues. Using the model GWALP23 sequence (GGALW(LA)6LWLAGA) as a host peptide having single interfacial tryptophan anchor residues, the effects of different guest mutations were explored. Replacements of glycine residues 2 and 22 to positively charged lysine or arginine on both termini had little influence on the peptide average orientation. Conversely, glycine to tryptophan substitutions had profound effects, manifested in the increased dynamics and altered tilt direction of the peptide. While the charged residues at the peptide termini did not cause significant changes relative to the GWALP23 sequence, leucine to arginine mutations close to the peptide center led to dramatic consequences. Thus GWALP23-R14 retained a transmembrane topology, with the orientation and dynamics largely governed by the arginine residue, while GWALP23-R12 adopted multistate behavior in DOPC, with both transmembrane and interfacial states being populated. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, performed by collaborators, yielded substantial agreement concerning the interactions among arginine, tryptophan and lipid bilayers. Further insights into the multistate behavior of GWALP23-R12 were acquired by altering the host sequence to the isomeric GW3,21ALP23, which offers a longer separation between the tryptophan anchor residues. Both the L12R and L14R mutants of this modified sequence retained transmembrane topology, suggesting that the unique arrangement of tryptophan and arginine residues in GWALP23-R12 is responsible for its multistate character. In addition to serving as a host sequence, GWALP23 itself was modified for an investigation of hydrophobic matching, by shifting the tryptophan residues outward toward the termini (GW3,21ALP23) or inward toward the center (GW7,17ALP23), leading to peptide isomers with identical amino acid composition, but different effective hydrophobic (inter-Trp) lengths. In addition to altered tilt angles, tryptophan side chain reorientation was investigated and was found to provide additional response to hydrophobic mismatch conditions. In selected cases the 2H NMR data were analyzed in conjunction with restraints from separated local-field 15N solid-state NMR spectra. The combined analysis of the 2H and 15N NMR data provided multiple constraints and proved advantageous for explicit modeling of the peptide dynamics

    Improvement of the organizational support of public water management in Ukraine at the national level

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    Π£ статті виявлСно Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– полоТСння Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡƒΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми Ρ‚Π° систСмної ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΡƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами. Π’Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ класичні визначСння Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Ρ‚Π° наявні ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ управління природокористуванням, Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ трактування поняття Β«Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами». Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ систСмний ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…Ρ–Π΄ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½Ρƒ систСму Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами Ρ‚Π° розглянуто Ρ—Ρ— основні складові: ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‡Π° підсистСма, ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° підсистСма, Π·Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΉ зв’язок, ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ². Π’Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ досвід Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ схСму Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами Π² Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½Ρ– Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½Ρ– Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ склад ΠΠ°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ. На ΠΎcΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ– «водорСсурсного» ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ зміст завдань Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ” Ρ–Π· поводТСння Π· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ як Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ рСсурсом, забСзпСчСння Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π³Π°Π»ΡƒΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ Ρ– насСлСння, Π° Π½Π΅ Π· водою як Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ—Ρ— використанні, Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ схСму ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρ– повноваТСнь Ρ‚Π° вдосконалСння ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— структури Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ–ΠΉ сфСрі.The article revealed the theoretical and methodological provision of public water management system by formulating the generalized system model and mechanism of state water management. Due to the classical definition of governance and existing approaches to environmental management the interpretation of the term Β«public water managementΒ» is proposed. Using a systematic approach summarizes the system of public water management and considered its main components: control subsystem, controlled subsystem, feedback, control action. Based on the experience of foreign countries the scheme of reorganization of water management in Ukraine at the national level and composition of the National Water Council are proposed. Based on Β«water resourcesΒ» approach, when the content of tasks resulting from the treatment of water as a natural resource, ensuring them a whole sectors of the economy and the population, not with water as a commodity with direct its use scheme of devolution and improve the organizational structure of public administration in the water sector.Β The effectiveness of the functioning of the public administration mechanism by any social and production processes depends to a large extent on its organizational support. Public administration of water resources in Ukraine in the Soviet era was built on the principles of authoritarian and command management with the adoption and implementation of decisions under the rigid "top-down" scheme and the construction of appropriate organizational management schemes within the administrative division of the country's territory in the regions and districts. The domestic system of state management of water resources still has the remnants of the administrative-command control system, organizational incompleteness, inter-sectoral orientation, and the dispersion of functions among many state authorities.With the introduction in Ukraine of the principles of integrated management and management of river basins, which are the main ones in the EU Water Framework Directive and which are based on the laws and regulations of Ukraine on water development, in particular the Water Code of Ukraine, laws and government resolutions, the search for ways to improve the organizational mechanisms of state water resources management according to European requirements is becoming relevant

    Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ элСктричСской дСфибрилляции ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСрдца: экспСримСнт ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°

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    The paper provides the results of the 1990β€”2010 experimental and clinical studies on the optimization of the efficiency of electrical ventricular defibrillation using the Russian bipolar quasi-sinusoidal impulse. The comprehensive study of the influence of major cardiac and extracardiac factors, such as heart failure, the type and duration of fibrillation, its amplitude and frequency characteristics, chest resistance, electrode sizes, administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, and phase 2 impulse amplitude on the efficiency and safety of defibrillation, could formulate a number of new propositions and solve some methodological and methodic issues. The dose-dependent effectiveness of the quasi-sinusoidal impulse has been first investigated in patients with induced, spontaneous primary and secondary fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Low-energy (Key words: defibrillation, bipolar quasi-sinusoidal impulse.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ клиничСских исслСдований (1990β€”2010 Π³.), посвящСнных ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ эффСктивности элСктричСской дСфибрилляции ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСрдца отСчСствСнным ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠΌ биполярной ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. КомплСксноС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ влияния основных ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: сСрдСчная Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ фибрилляции, Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-частотныС характСристики, сопротивлСниС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ элСктродов, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ антиаритмичСских ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄Π° 2-ΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ°) Π½Π° ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ дСфибрилляции ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ мСтодологичСскиС ΠΈ мСтодичСскиС вопросы. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдована дозозависимая ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, спонтанной ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ фибрилляциСй, ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π°Ρ…ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. УстановлСна высокая ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ разрядов нСбольшой энСрги

    ЭлСктричСская дСфибрилляция ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ остановкС сСрдца Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ этапС

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    The past decade is marked by very high cardiovascular mortality rates in Russia. Sudden death caused by ventricular fibrillation and asystole is one of the leading reasons for the high mortality. Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurs in as high as 70β€”80% of the cases. The key factor that determines the success of resuscitation and survival in patients with cardiac arrest due to fibrillation is early defibrillation (within the first 5 minutes). Small-sized automated external defibrilla-tors that can be used not only by medical workers, but also paramedics and educated population should be introduced into prehospital resuscitative care to solve this problem in this country.ПослСднСС дСсятилСтиС Π² России отмСчаСтся ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ высокая Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ сСрдСчно-сосудистых Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Одной ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ высокой Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ являСтся внСзапная сСрдСчная ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡŒ вслСдствиС развития фибрилляции ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ асистолии. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π΄ΠΎ 70β€”80% случаСв Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ остановки сСрдца происходит Π²Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹. ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ успСх Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ выТиваСмости Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с остановкой сСрдца вслСдствиС фибрилляции, являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ (Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚) дСфибрилляции. Для ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π² нашСй странС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ автоматичСскиС Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ дСфибрилляторы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ мСдицинскиС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ насСлСниС

    Explosions of water clusters in intense laser fields

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    Energetic, highly-charged oxygen ions, Oq+O^{q+} (q≀6q\leq 6), are copiously produced upon laser field-induced disassembly of highly-charged water clusters, (H2O)n(H_2O)_n and (D2O)n(D_2O)_n, n∼n\sim 60, that are formed by seeding high-pressure helium or argon with water vapor. ArnAr_n clusters (n∼\sim40000) formed under similar experimental conditions are found undergo disassembly in the Coulomb explosion regime, with the energies of Arq+Ar^{q+} ions showing a q2q^2 dependence. Water clusters, which are argued to be considerably smaller in size, should also disassemble in the same regime, but the energies of fragment Oq+^{q+} ions are found to depend linearly on qq which, according to prevailing wisdom, ought to be a signature of hydrodynamic expansion that is expected of much larger clusters. The implication of these observations on our understanding of the two cluster explosion regimes, Coulomb explosion and hydrodynamic expansion, is discussed. Our results indicate that charge state dependences of ion energy do not constitute an unambiguous experimental signature of cluster explosion regime.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

    ΠžΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ история дСфибрилляции сСрдца

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    The year 2012 is the anniversary year of the Russian history of cardiac defibrillation. Two anniversaries associated with the name of N. L. Gurvich, the founder of impulse defibrillation by high-voltage capacitor discharge, are being celebrated this year.2012 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ β€” ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ для отСчСствСнной истории развития дСфибрилляции сСрдца. Π’ этом Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° юбилСя, связанныС с ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Н. Π›. Π“ΡƒΡ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π° β€” основополоТника ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ разрядом кондСнсатора

    Application of microwave photonics in fiber optical sensors

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    Microwave photonics is a new scientific and technical area of research, which was formed as a result of intensive development of such fields as fiber, integrated and nonlinear optics, laser physics, optoelectronics and microelectronics. A positive trend in the field of microwave photonic devices development has appeared in recent decades. The trend is related to the fact that these devices can operate in ultra-high and super-high frequencies and microwave ranges, and have parameters, which are unattainable by conventional electronic devices. Technical characteristics of microwave photonic measuring systems are comparable with those of traditional fiber-optic sensors. This technology can be used both for creation of new measuring devices and improvement of existing other types of measuring systems. This paper presents an analytical review of microwave photonics application technologies in fiber-optic measuring instruments. The general design concept for microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices is considered in the first part of the review paper. Microwave photonic filters are presented, which are the key elements of microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices. Their design technologies are described with indication of the features, advantages and disadvantages. Methods for creation of microwave photonic finite impulse response filters with positive and negative coefficients are considered. The following sections are devoted directly to the analysis of microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices and contain classification of such devices according to their principle of operation. The classification of spectral and interferometric microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices with indication of their distinctive features is proposed. Experimental data of the most common sensors is presented and analyzed; the main characteristics and areas of their practical application are presented for each of them. New approaches and methods are considered for creation of microwave photonic measuring systems and improvement of tactical and technical characteristics of existing devices. Comparison between microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices and traditional fiber-optic measuring systems is performed. According to comparison results, conclusions can be drawn about applicability of microwave photonic fiber-optic measuring devices and advantages of their use compared to other fiber-optic sensors.Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° являСтся Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСским Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½-сивного развития Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… областСй, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ волоконная, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ нСлинСйная ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°, лазСрная Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎ- ΠΈ микроэлСктроника. Π’ послСдниС дСсятилСтия Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ созданию Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… устройств, эта тСндСнция связана с Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ устройства ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ свСрхвысоких частот с ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, нСдостиТимыми ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ элСктронными устройствами. Π₯арактСристики Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈ-Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм сопоставимы с характСристиками Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСских Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², данная Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎ-логия ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использована ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для создания Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для ΡƒΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ прСдставлСн аналитичСский ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ способов примСнСния Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ части ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ рассмотрСн ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏ построСния Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ элСмСнты ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° систСм β€” Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…-Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ… построСния с ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ особСнностСй, прСимущСств ΠΈ нСдостатков. РассмотрСны способы создания Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ характСристикой с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ коэф-Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ посвящСны нСпосрСдствСнно Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅-ских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ содСрТат ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… устройств ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° классификация ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ интСрфСромСтричСских Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² с ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, основныС характСристики ΠΈ области практичСского примСнСния Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ распространСнных Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΠ². РассмотрСны Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ созданию Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-тСхничСских характСристик ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ сопоставлСниС характСристик Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ- Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСских Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ примСнимости соврСмСнного Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎ прСимущСствах ΠΈΡ… использования ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-оптичСскими Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
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