HISTORY AND STATUS OF MOOSE IN THE ROSTOV REGION, RUSSIA

Moose (Alces alces) disappeared from the Rostov region in the 19th century due to agricultural development, hunting, and deforestation. They reappeared in the second half of the 20th century due to broad conservation measures including intensive forest management, and by the 1970s numbered >1000 and were found throughout the region. Although hunting was regulated, the population became stagnant in the 1980s presumably from trophy hunting that skewed the sex and age structure, as well as measurable wolf (Canis lupus) predation. Political reform in the 1990s further caused population decline due to increased and less regulated hunting, increased poaching without punishment, reduced predator control, decline in forest management, and large forest fires. Currently the population is at a 50-year low and occupies 1/3 of its range in the 1980s. Moose are no longer considered a commercial species, rather a species of concern

SURGERY OF BRAIN STEM CAVERNOUSES MALFORMATION

Cavernous malformations (CM), also known as cavernous angiomas or cavernomas, are benign vascular hamartomas having a sinusoidal type of wall structure.CM occurs in the brain stem with a frequency of 9–35 % of cases. They are most often localized in the brain stem, have a higher risk of hemorrhage compared to supratentorial. After the primary hemorrhage, the risks of recurrent hemorrhages are very high. CM located in the brain stem has not always been subjected to surgical treatment. Conservative treatment was recommended for most patients. At the same time, according to the literature data, mortality reached 20 %, and during radiosurgery up to 8.3 % with recurrence of hemorrhage up to 59 %. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with cavernomas of the brain stem. Materials and methods. the study included 16 patients who had hemorrhages in different parts of the brain stem. There were 12 males (75 %) and 4 females (25 %). Indications for surgical treatment were: presence of subacute hematoma, recurrent hemorrhage and progressive symptoms of brain stem damage. All patients were operated using modern methods of microsurgery. Neurophysiological monitoring was performed intraoperatively. Statistical processing was carried out with the program Statistica (version 10). Results. There was no operational mortality. At discharge, patients were assessed on the Rankin scale. Good functional outcomes were achieved in 87.8 % of cases (Rankin 1 – 43.8 %, Rankin 2 – 31.5 %, Rankin 3 – 12.5 %). Summary. Symptomatic malformations of the brain stem are subject to surgical removal when they are anatomically accessible. The use of modern methods of neuroimaging, adequate, sparing surgical approaches, microsurgical techniques for removing the cavernous brain stem, allows us to achieve goodfunctional results in the operated patients, in the absence of postoperative mortality

Artificial Pancreas: First Clinical Trials in Argentina

The first clinical trials using an Artificial Pancreas (AP) in Latin America have been defined in 2 stages. The first stage was carried out in November 2016 with the UVA controller (developed by the Center for Diabetes Technology and already clinically tested), and the second will be performed during the first semester of 2017 with the ARG (Automatic Regulation of Glucose) algorithm (developed by ITBA, UNQ, and UNLP in Argentina). Both tests are based on the DiAs (Diabetes Assistant) from the UVA, and are performed in the HIBA on 5 patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), for 36 hours. For the first stage, Open-Loop (OL) insulin boluses were applied before meals and patient’s physical activity was included. On the other hand, for the second stage, patients will not be involved in physical activity, but no OL insulin boluses will be injected before meals. In this work, experimental results from the first stage with the UVA controller, and preliminary results with the ARG control algorithm tested on the UVA/Padova simulator are presented. Due to the final paper deadline, the experimental results from the second stage are not included here, but will be presented at the IFAC World Congress.Facultad de IngenieríaInstituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señale

Economic and psychological aspects of estimation of risks of securitization of banking assets

The article describes the problems of introduction of asset securitization in Russia in terms of standardization of processes in the field of risk management and the establishment of risk management profession considered the key principles and stages of financial risk management, asset securitization model are studied. The attractiveness of securitization is the company's financing capabilities by transferring assets from their balance sheets, or borrowing against those assets to refinance the original loan at a fair market rate. The possibilities of a securitization, its advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention is paid to the securitization crisis in the global financial market. The positive aspects of securitization include: the possibility of financing through the sale of assets to a specially created legal entity; serious impetus to improve the efficiency of the banking sector; opens up direct access to the global financial market; reduces all funding costs; limits credit risk to asset risk; improves the balance sheets of banks, corporations; promotes access to various sources of funding; reduction of the cost of attracted financing; optimization of the structure of the investment portfolio; securitized assets are less subject to event risk. In Russia, the securitization market is growing at a high rate and also has potential in its existence. But since the legal system is underdeveloped in our country, most likely it is the main reason that the ratings of securitization transactions are limited. The upper limit of the rating in the end, perhaps, will be limited by event risks

Features of risks assessment from the position of the behavioral economy

Subject. The article is devoted to the actual topic of modernity – risk management in terms of behavioral economics. Since the domestic theory of risk management is under development, the problem of a clear comprehensive definition of "risk" becomes now of particular relevance. Goals. The study of the mechanism of risk management in the economy from the perspective of psychology. Tasks. Review the main concepts of risk management; to study its components in business; reflect the system and principles of risk management. Methodology. Methods of cognition, retrospective and documentary analysis, as well as synthesis, generalization, systematization were used as methods for performing the work. Results. The cognitive and psychophysical factors that determine the value of choice under risk conditions, proposed by Israeli scientists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, which contributed to a fundamental breakthrough in the understanding of human behavior under uncertainty and created an economic theory of prospects, were studied. Application area. Risk management from the perspective of economic psychology. Conclusions. The psychological foundations of decision-making in risky situations play a fundamental role. In the risk there is always a certain subjective value, depending on the individual subjective assessment of probability. It is established that in most cases individuals are not prone to risk, and as a rule, an equal change in benefits and losses has unequal value for the subject, so losses, other things being equal, are experienced by the person making the decision, with great emotional costs. There is a direct relationship between the dynamics of the level of risk and the dynamics of profitability, namely: the higher the average profitability of a particular operation, the higher the risk associated with it. The level of threats in the market today is higher than the level of potential profit

Innovation risks in the market of tourist services

The article defines methods of managing innovation risk in the tourist business. A travel company that implements an innovative strategy of its activities faces special risks that accompany innovation: low demand for innovative services due to lack of information about them, and lack of feedback from consumers of these services; underestimation of the cost of the innovation service; the appearance of so-called problematic innovations, etc. The aim of the work is to study the features of the functioning of the tourism market, as well as to identify problems and prospects for the development of tourism using innovations. The following tasks were accomplished: an analysis of the functioning of the market at the present stage; recommendations are proposed for improving the development of the tourism market with the use of innovations. Methods of cognition, retrospective and documentary analysis, as well as synthesis, generalization, systematization were methods. In the article the assortment of innovative services is considered; proposed the organizational and economic mechanism of risk management in tourism and the main directions for improving management in tourism. Currently, the tourism industry in the regions is represented by a large number of small travel agencies. The fragmentation of the tourism industry creates information problems. In order to coordinate the activities of these firms, it is advisable to create a single center that performs information, coordination and dispatch functions. In addition, measures should be envisaged to eliminate the resulting damage on the basis of recovery technologies. At the same time, for effective management of business risks, effective management is most important, and for consumer risks different types of insurance

Predictors of Complications and Unfavorable Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Surgery Treatment in Elderly Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Spine Pathologies (Case Series)

Introduction: The use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) results in fewer adverse and more improved outcomes. However, the literature data describing the factors increasing the number of complications, reoperation frequency and unscheduled re-hospitalizations in older patients after MIS are contradictory. In this study, a large number of patients was investigated for the complications of minimally invasive surgical treatment of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine in older patients. The objective of the study was to determine the predictors of unfavorable outcomes in such patients. Materials and Methods: 1,013 patients underwent MIS (decompression alone, TLIF, LLIF, ALIF) in 2013-2017. All operations were performed with the participation of the authors (neurosurgeons). The patient's average age was 66. The following data were collected: BMI; CCI; presence of postoperative complications according to the Dindo-Clavien classification; unplanned readmission at 90 days; hospital length of stay (LOS); surgical complexity (low, intermediate, and high); surgical time; and risk factors. The cumulative reoperation rate was determined at 5-years follow-up. Results: A total of 256 patients suffered a complication (25.2%), 226 classified as mild (grade I, II, IIIA), and 30 - as severe (IIIB, IVA). Such factors as the surgical complexity, BMI > 30, surgical time, number of operated levels were associated with a significant risk of developing a complication. For patients with and without complications, LOS was 9.3 and 6.3 days, respectively (p < 0.0001), the unplanned readmission rate was 1.3%. 104 patients underwent 133 revision operations. The 5-year cumulative reoperation rate was 15.2%, and the reoperation index was 12.1%. The CCI had no statistically significant effect on the complication incidence after MIS. A higher risk of complications was found in patients who underwent intermediate-complexity surgery (MIS TLIF) compared with uncompounded (decompression alone) and more complex (MIS LLIF, MIS ALIF) surgical procedures (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: A register of postoperative complications is an important tool for health quality assessment and choosing the best surgical option that helps to establish measures to reduce such complications. Using MIS for the treatment of elderly patients reduces the number of severe complications. Copyright © 2022 Klimov, Evsyukov, Amelina, Ryabykh and Simonovich