Prediction of Shot Start Pressure for Rifled Gun System

Determination of short start pressure (SSP) for gun system has always been of paramount interest for gun designers. In this paper, a generalised model has been developed for theoretical prediction of SSP for rifled gun system using dimensional analysis approach. For this, parameters affecting the SSP of the gun like rifling dimensions, driving band dimensions, material properties of driving band, projectile mass and diameter are taken into consideration. For a particular case of large caliber rifled gun system, the model is established using linear relations among dimensionless groups of parameters. The model has been validated by data available from the open literature

Frequency and clinical patterns of stroke in Iran - Systematic and critical review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cerebrovascular disease is the second commonest cause of death, and over a third of stroke deaths occur in developing countries. To fulfil the current gap on data, this systematic review is focused on the frequency of stroke, risk factors, stroke types and mortality in Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirteen relevant articles were identified by keyword searching of PubMed, Iranmedex, Iranian University index Libraries and the official national data on burden of diseases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The publication dates ranged from 1990 to 2008. The annual stroke incidence of various ages ranged from 23 to 103 per 100,000 population. This is comparable to the figures from Arab Countries, higher than sub-Saharan Africa, but lower than developed countries, India, the Caribbean, Latin America, and China. Similarly to other countries, ischaemic stroke was the commonest subtype. Likewise, the most common related risk factor is hypertension in adults, but cardiac causes in young stroke. The 28-day case fatality rate is reported at 19-31%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Data on the epidemiology of stroke, its pattern and risk factors from Iran is scarce, but the available data highlights relatively low incidence of stroke. This may reflect a similarity towards the neighbouring nations, and a contrast with the West.</p

Effect of probiotics, antibiotics and herbal extracts against fish bacterial pathogens

In this study the effect of probiotic preparations and plant extract was investigated against eleven fish bacterial pathogens viz. Aeromonas hydrophila, Cellobiococcus sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Streptobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus. All these pathogens were found to be resistant for antibiotics viz. nitrofurantoin, amoxycillin, bacitracin, cephalothin, erythromycin, novobiocin, vancomycin , amphicillin, oxacillin and colistin. In vitro antagonism test of the probiotics was performed by using well diffusion method. In case of probiotic AquaproTM, effective zone of inhibition of 2.433 cm was observed for P. fluorescens and K. pneumoniae. The extracts of Azadirachta indica, Aloe barbadensis, Withania somnifera and Momordica charantia were studied in vitro alone as well as in combination with probiotic (Lactobacillus sporogenes). The zone of inhibition observed in mixed sample was less as compared to individual sample. Among the four plants extract, the W. somnifera extract was found to be the most effective and it leads to maximum inhibition (1.1 cm) recorded for E. aerogenes