Polymer Antimicrobial Synergy Research

Recent studies have shown that certain polymers, such as branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), have the potential to be antimicrobial. We have been growing certain strains of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and adding in concentrations of ampicillin to find the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). This allows us to add in different concentrations of BPEI to test for synergy between our antibiotic and our polymer. To find the MIC of each antibiotic, we grew an overnight of the bacteria in Lysogeny Broth (LB) and let it inoculate for 20 hours. We then inoculated a 24 well culture cluster with LB, ampicillin, and bacteria. The volume of bacteria was 10μL to 1,000μL of LB, making a 1% concentration. The plates were checked after inoculating for 20 hours, and the results of whether there was growth or no growth would be charted. After finding the MICs of our bacteria, we began adding different amounts of BPEI, at a 1μg/mL concentration, to our bacteria and ampicillin concentrations to look for any signs of synergy. The same procedures as before were used when testing using the polymer. The results of the MIC of each bacteria are as the following: B. subtilis 1A578 was between 250μg/mL and 125μg/mL, B. subtilis 6051 was between 250μg/mL and 125μg/mL, and E. Coli ATTC11775 was between 4μg/mL and 2μg/mL. No clear synergy has been seen between BPEI and ampicillin

The Apology Strategies in Simulated Classroom Situations Used by the Female and the Male Students of the English Department of Petra Christian University, Surabaya

This thesis is the study of apology strategies and the similarities and/or the differences of the types of apology strategies used by the female and the male students. My respondents consist of 20 female and 20 male students of the English Department. This study used the theory of Ogiermann (2009). I constructed my own Discourse Completion Test (DCT) questionnaire consisting of 10 simulated classroom situations. The quantitative approach was used in this study. The finding revealed that the first three most dominant types of strategies used by the both of them were expression of regret, acceptance of responsibility and justification. The similarities and/or the differences of the three most dominant types of apology between the female and the male students were found in the percentage use of apology strategies. Expression of regret was used 52.8% by the female students and 47% by the male students. The female students used 53.3% and the male students used 46.6% in acceptance of responsibility. Justification was used 52.7% by the female and 47.3% by the male students. For that reason, the female and the male students tend to use the same types of apology strategies, although their percentages are only slightly different

Age, Growth, Life History, and Fisheries of the Sand Sole, Psettichthys melanostictus

Sand sole, Psettichthys melanostictus, is a small but important part of the west coast groundfish fishery. It has never been assessed and there is a limited amount of biological data for the species. We provide the first estimates of age and growth for California populations and compare them with studies from other areas. We found that sand sole is a rapidly growing species which may show a strong latitudinal gradient in growth rate. We also found evidence of a recent, strong cohortrelated shift in the sex ratio of the population towards fewer females. In addition we examined data from the Washington, Oregon, and California commercial fishery to make an initial determination of population status. We found that catch per unit of effort in commercial trawls experienced a decline over time but has rebounded in recent years, except central California (the southern part of its commercial range), where the decline has not reversed

A Training Material: a Solution to Help Front Office Staffers and Attract More Customers for Ibis Surabaya City Center Hotel

This thesis is related to the Front Office staffers of ibis Surabaya City Center Hotel who have difficulties in giving information and handling complaints from overseas guests. Therefore, they need a training material in English that contains three lessons about giving information, handling complaints, and receiving calls. This training material is equipped with conversations, sentence pattern and substitution, list of important words, exercises, and also answer key to help the Front Office staffers to have better performances in terms of customer service. By having this training material, ibis Surabaya City Center Hotel will gain three benefits. Firstly, this training material will help the Front Office staffers at ibis Surabaya City Center Hotel to support their work performance. Secondly, this training material can help the Front Office staffers to improve their English skill since it is written in English. Finally, this training material can help Front Office staffers to give the best possible service to the hotel's guests