13 research outputs found
Correlation and factor analysis of grain yield and some important component characters in spring bread wheat genotypes
In order to evaluate several
agro-morphological traits in 21 spring bread
wheat genotypes, an experiment based on
randomized complete block design with
three replications was carried out in two
locations during three years (2008-
2011).The traits including grain yield(GY),
biological yield (BY), spike weight (SW),
grain weight per spike(GWS), harvest index
(HI), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike
(SPS), number of grain per spike (NGS),
number of spike per square meter (SPM),
1000-grain weight (GW), plant height (PH),
stem straw weight (SSW), spike straw
weight (SRW) were evaluated. The result of
combined analysis of variance revealed that
years, genotypes and their interaction effects
were significant for all the traits. Location
had significant difference for all the traits
except SL and SPS. GY was significant
correlated with BY (0.72**), SW (0.75**),
GWS (0.69**), NGS (0.59**), SSW
(0.62**) and SRW (0.66**). Factor analysis
was used for understanding the data
structure and trait relations. The factor
analysis divided the thirteen traits into three
factors. The cumulative variation for these
factors was 0.76 and also it’s portions for
factor one to three were 0.59, 0.16 and 0.06,
respectively. In the first factor, the traits
including GY, BY, SW, GWS, SPS, NGS
and SSW had high factor loadings. The
traits compromise HI, SSW and SRW had
high factor loadings in second factor and
also SPM, GW and PH had high values of
factor loadings in third factor. The
genotypes including Morvarid, N-80-19 and
N-85-14 had high mean values of grain
yield. The genotypes had high genetic
coefficient variation for SRW, BY, SW and
GY, therefore the efficiency of selection of
the genotypes for improving these traits will
be high
Effects of citrus rootstocks on some plant nutrient elements absorption of grafted cultivars
Citrus rootstocks have
prime effects on the size of tree and fruit,
quality of fruit and micorhyza
dependence, which make difference in
their leaf mineral elements concentration
in leaf of grafted cultivars on them. A pot
factorial experiment with two factors
including rootstocks (sour orange,
Citrange, Rough Lemon, Citrumelo and
Yozo) and grafted cultivars (Thomson
Navel, Sanguine, Unshiu Tangerine) was
carried out in farm conditions with three
replications. The studied traits were
concentrations of elements in leaves
including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc
and copper. The result of analysis of
variance revealed significant mean
squares of variety, rootstock and their
interaction effects for the elements in
leaves. Citrumelo rootstock had mainly
effect on nutritional elements in leaves.
Unshiu mandarin with Citrumelo
rootstock had the most amount of nitrogen
and sanguine variety with Citrange
rootstock made the highest concentration
of phosphorus and potassium in leaves of
the grafted cultivar. Significant positive
correlation of K with Fe and Zn indicating
that all rootstocks with high mean value
of K in leaf of grafted cultivar will have
high amount of Fe and Zn. Significant
positive correlation also detected between
N and P of leaf of grafted cultivars in
combination with different rootstocks;
therefore, most of combinations with high
mean value of N had also high mean
value of P. Unshiu Tangerine had high
variation for P, but Thomson Novel had
lowest variation for this mineral element.
Due to Significant positive correlation of
S with Mg and Mn, most of rootstocks
with high amount of S in leaf of grafted
cultivar had high mean values of Mg and
Mn in their leaf of grafted cultivars
Impact of glycine betaine on salinity tolerance of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under in vitro condition
Stevia (Stevia
rebaudiana Bertoni), with great potential as
a natural sweeteners source, has a high
content of sweeteners, which are up to 150
times sweeter than sugar, but virtually with
no calories. Stevia also suitable to be
cultivated in semiarid climates and coastal
areas, which are characterized by the low
quality of the irrigation water. Soil salinity
occupies a prominent place among the soil
problems that threaten the sustainability of
agriculture over a vast area in the world.
Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant, that
plays an important role and accumulates
rapidly in many plants during salinity or
drought stress. In order to evaluation of
glycine betaine amending effects on salinity
stress in stevia under in vitro condition, a
factorial experiment was conducted in 2015.
Four NaCl levels, including 0, 50, 75 and
100 mM, along with 0, 1, 12.5, 25 and 50
mM of glycine betaine concentrations were
used in Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium. The results showed that salinity
levels had significant reduction effects on
plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight,
number of leaf, total chlorophyll,
rebaudioside A and stevioside of the stevia
genotype. Due to increasing of glycine
betaine, levels all the traits were increased.
Owing to amending effect of glycine
betaine, its high concentrations made less
hazarding effects of salinity on the
researched traits. The highest mean value of
rebaudioside A (10.62rt) and stevioside
(23.38rt) determined at 50 mM of glycine
betaine with 0 mM of NaCl concentration
Nitrogen deficiency stress indices of seed yield in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes
Most of investigations
showed that nitrogen fertilizers gave
substantial rapeseed yield increases even in
diverse and contradicting conditions but in a
few studies were focused on nitrogen
deficiency stress effects. Some of important
seed yield stress indices based on
application and non application of nitrogen
(N+ and N0) was studied using six spring
rapeseed varieties and their 15 F2 progenies.
Significant mean squares of genotypes
effects were observed for potential yield
(Yp), stress yield (Ys), mean productivity
(MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP),
tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance
index (STI) and stress susceptibility index
(SSI), indicating significant genetic
differences of the genotypes for the stress
indices. The genotypes including PF7045/91
and RGS003 had the high mean values of
MP and GMP and STI, therefore considered
as high potential parents in both nitrogen
application conditions. On the basis of low
mean value of TOL and SSI indices,
PF7045/91 and 19H were considered as
tolerant to nitrogen deficiency stress. Most
of the crosses with high mean values of MP,
GMP and STI had at least one parent with
high mean values of these stress indices.
Significant positive correlation of Yp and
Ys with MP, GMP and STI, indicating
selection based on these stress indices will
increase the Yp and Ys of the genotypes.
Heterozygosity had important role for
stability of traits in different conditions,
therefore in compare to parents their F2
progenies had low mean values of SSI and
TOL indices
Combining Abili'iy and Facidr Analysis in F2 Diallel Crosses of Rapeseed Varieties
Fifteen F 2 progenies derived from a 6x6 half diallel crosses along with their parents of rapeseed (Brassica MpUS L.) varietie5 were evaluated for pods per main axis, pods per plant, length of pod, seeds per pod, 1000- seed weight , grain yield and oil content The Analysis of variance based on Griffing's method two, with mixed-B model on F 2 progenies and their parents revealed significant mean squares for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) indicating that both additive and non-additive genetic effects were involved in controlling these traits. High narrow-sense heritability estimates and degree of dominance less than one were observed for length of pod and 1000-seed weight indicated the prime importance of additive genetic effects for controlling these two traits. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for pods per main axis, pods per plant, seeds per pod, grain yield and oil content were estimated 0.22, 0.14, 0.30, 0.15 and 0.08, respectively concluded that the importance role of non-additive genetic effects for controlling these traits. Among yield components, pods per main axis and pods per plant had significant positive correlation with grain yield (0.54* and 0.60**), so any changing of these traits would have significant effects on grain yield. Based on the results of factor analysis on GCA effects revealed that pods per main axis, pods per plant and grain yield had high coefficients of factor loading in the factor one, but on SCA effects pods per main axis, pods per plant and 1000- seed weight had high coefficients of factor loading and the same direction of variation
Ocena parametrów genetycznych łuszczyn roślin w odniesieniu do wskaźników stresu w odmianach rzepaku
Mapping QTLs for Grain Protein Concentration and Agronomic Traits under Different Nitrogen Levels in Barley
Genetics and hybrid breeding of Pleurotus pulmonarius: heterosis, heritability and combining ability
Pleurotus pulmonarius has gained popularity as an edible mushroom in many parts of the world due to its numerous advantageous properties. However, there have been very few instances of successful breeding of any of the various species of Pleurotus. The current study attempted to generate improved strains of P. pulmonarius by establishing a systematic scheme using genetics and hybrid breeding. After assessments of the sample collections, three principal parents, and in turn 22 single spore isolates, were nominated for crossing. Of the 231 crosses done, 88 were compatible, and 46 hybrids were able to form basidiocarps in the first cycle of cultivation (CC1). The significant genetic variations among the crosses moved the study in the direction of diallel design, to gain a greater insight into the heritability of the targeted traits and the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) of the parents; and at the same time to estimate their genetic variance components. Mean and heterosis analyses were used to score the obtained hybrids, leading to the selection of four hybrids for CC2, and ultimately three superior hybrids for CC3. The GCA indicated that the Thai strain was the best combiner, while the highest values of SCA were observed in combinations between the Thai and PL27 strains. The genetic variance components and heritability analyses indicated that the bulk of the total genetic variations observed for most traits were associated with genes which were dominant in their effects. The newly generated hybrids were identified by both morphological and molecular fingerprinting (PCR–RFLP). This research involved a successful initial attempt to use a broad range of analyses and the systematic integration of genetics and breeding to assist in generating superior hybrids of P. pulmonarius
Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of elite rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties such as plant height, length of panicles, number of effective tillers, total number of grains, number of unfilled and filled grains, weight of 1000 grains, biological and economic yield, harvest index, chlorophyll index, growth period, total phenol (TP), and total antioxidant capacity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in 30 genotypes of elite rice grown in Iran. The highest 1000-grain weight was observed in genotype IR56 (G30) with 27.15 g; the highest biological yield was observed in Neda (G28) genotype (24.92 t/ha) that was at the same statistical level with national genotype (G25) (24.19 t/ha). Keshvari genotype has the highest grain yield (7.64 ton * hec). The highest amount of chlorophyll index was observed in genotype line 101 (G9) with 45.75%. In addition, the range of antioxidant capacity based on DPPH was 9.033–19.067% and genotype 13 (Bijar) had the highest antioxidant capacity. The highest TP content was 1.137 mg gallic acid (GAE) per g. According to the correlation, (0.555) had a positive and significant correlation with the antioxidant capacity based on DPPH. Also based on cluster analysis, the 30 genotypes were located in 5 main clusters. The present research reveals the potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes studied for the improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programs