Effects Of Alcohol On Oxidative Parameters Of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rat

The effects o alcohol consumption on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were investigated in the alloxan induced dabetic rats. Plasma from the diabetic rats not treated with alcohol (DNT); diabetic rats treated with alcohol (DT) and non diabetic rats (ND) were analysed for their malondialdelyde (MDA) and vitamin C levels. Both the glucose level and the body weightwere alsostudied. The mean weights o the rats in the diferent groups were the same until the onset o diabetes and alcohol ingestion when the weight decreased. After nine (9) days of alcohol suppementaton, the DT rats weighed114.00 ± 0.41 g and the DNT rats weghed 121.00 ± 1.22 gwhile the rats in the controlled group weighed 146.33 014 g. The glucose levels for DT, DNT and ND were 29.56, ± 0.56, 28.81 ± 0.87 and 5.42 ± 0.19 nmol/ respectvely. Analyss of the lipd peroxidaton product (MDA) obtained showed a significant (P < 005) increase in MDA values from – DT rate (38.63 ± 3.88) nmol/ml to DNT rats (2863 ± 1.38 nmol/lml), whle MDA value for ND rats was 7.88 ± 1.38 nmol/l. Plasma vitamin C vaues of 0.62 ± 0.05 mg/100ml 1.107 \" 0.13 mg/100ml and 1.79 ± 0.15 mg/100mlor DT, DNT and ND respectvely were obtaned. Keywords: Alcohol, Antioxidant, Lipid peroxidation, Diabetes, RatAnimal Research International Vol. 3 (3) 2006 pp. 570-57

Effects of some anti-diabetic plants on the hepatic marker enzymes of diabetic rats

This study was embarked upon in order to evaluate the effects of the chloroform extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale and Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica on hepatic marker enzymes of diabetic rats. The degree of hepatic damage caused by diabetes mellitus and the effects of the extracts were assessed using standard methods for assaying the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All the extracts significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased the activities of ALT, AST and ALP with that of the P. guajava being the most protective. In addition, the P. guajava extract exerted more hepatoprotection than glibenclamide in terms of the AST and ALP activities. In conclusion, the chloroform extracts of the leaves of A. occidentale, E. globulus and P. guajava as well as the fruits of X. aethiopica exhibited remarkable protective effects on alloxan-induced acute liver damage and thus, may be used for treatment of some liver-associated disorders.Keyword: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus, Xylopia aethiopica, chloroform extracts, diabetes mellitus

Sero-epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis among slaughtered cattle in Nigeria

Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Nigeria; however, limited data exist on nationwide studies and risk factors associated with the disease. Using a cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey, we determined the prevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis in slaughtered cattle in three geographical regions of Nigeria. Serum samples from randomly selected unvaccinated cattle slaughtered over a period of 3 years (between December 2010 and September 2013) from northern, southern and south-western Nigeria were tested for antibodies to Brucella abortus using the Rose Bengal test. Data associated with risk factors of brucellosis were analysed by Stata Version 12. In all, 8105 cattle were screened. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (315/8105) was recorded by the Rose Bengal test, with 3.8%, 3.4% and 4.0% from the northern, southern and south-western regions, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that cattle screened in northern Nigeria were less likely to be seropositive for antibodies to Brucella spp. than those from south-western Nigeria (odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.73–1.22). However, logistic regression analysis revealed that breed ( p = 0.04) and sex ( p £ 0.0001) of cattle were statistically significant for seropositivity to Brucella spp. The study found that brucellosis was endemic at a low prevalence among slaughtered cattle in Nigeria, with sex and breed of cattle being significant risk factors. Considering the public health implications of brucellosis, we advocate coordinated surveillance for the disease among diverse cattle populations in Nigeria, as is carried out in most developed countries. Keywords: Bovine brucellosis, RBT, Epidemiology, Public Health, Nigeri

Does oxidative stress involve in Diabetes Mellitus? A case study of lipid perodixidation, antioxidants and lipd levels in allozan induced diabetic rabbits

No Abstract. Bio-Research Vol. 5 (2) 2007: pp. 265-26

Crude Oil Spills in the Environment, Effects and Some Innovative Clean-up Biotechnologies

Crude oil, refined petroleum products, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in various environmental compartments. They can bioaccumulate in food chains where they disrupt biochemical or physiological activities of many organisms, thus causing carcinogenesis of some organs, mutagenesis in the genetic material, impairment in reproductive capacity and / or causing hemorrhage in exposed population. The cause / effect of oil pollutant are usually quantified by using biological end point parameters referred to as biomarkers. Contamination of soil arising from spills is one of the most limiting factors to soil fertility and hence crop productivity. These deleterious effects make it mandatory to have a counter measure for the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant in the environment. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environment is a potentially important application of Environmental Biotechnology. In this approach microorganisms are utilized under some specified conditions to ameliorate the negative effects in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. The main strategies in bioremediation of oil spills, which include bio-stimulation, nutrient application, bio-augmentation, seeding with competent or adapted hydrocarbono-clastic bacteria or their consortium, and genetically engineered microbes, are reviewed. Although the promise of bioremediation is yet to be realized, innovative areas in Environmental Biotechnology for oil spill clean up are highlighted