3,503 research outputs found
Slow-light enhanced optical detection in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals
Slow-light enhanced optical detection in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals
is theoretically studied. Using a scattering-matrix approach and the
Wigner-Smith delay time concept, we show that optical absorbance benefits both
from slow-light phenomena as well as a high filling factor of the energy
residing in the liquid. Utilizing strongly dispersive photonic crystal
structures, we numerically demonstrate how liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals
facilitate enhanced light-matter interactions, by potentially up to an order of
magnitude. The proposed concept provides strong opportunities for improving
existing miniaturized absorbance cells for optical detection in lab-on-a-chip
systems.Comment: Paper accepted for the "Special Issue OWTNM 2007" edited by A.
Lavrinenko and P. J. Robert
Electro-hydrodynamics of binary electrolytes driven by modulated surface potentials
We study the electro-hydrodynamics of the Debye screening layer that arises
in an aqueous binary solution near a planar insulating wall when applying a
spatially modulated AC-voltage. Combining this with first order perturbation
theory we establish the governing equations for the full non-equilibrium
problem and obtain analytic solutions in the bulk for the pressure and velocity
fields of the electrolyte and for the electric potential. We find good
agreement between the numerics of the full problem and the analytics of the
linear theory. Our work provides the theoretical foundations of circuit models
discussed in the literature. The non-equilibrium approach also reveals
unexpected high-frequency dynamics not predicted by circuit models.Comment: 9 pages including 4 figures. Accepted for PRE
Iowa Swiss-type cheese
New types of cheese for Iowa have been receiving the attention of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station for a number of years. A previous publication (1) described the method of manufacture which has been used in the production of many thousands of pounds of Iowa Blue Cheese. This publication deals with the process used in the Iowa State College laboratories in manufacturing a Swiss-type cheese. In the course of these experiments a total of 25,136 lbs. of the cheese has been manufactured and marketed, utilizing approximately a quarter of a million pounds of milk
Iowa blue cheese
Iowa is an importer of cheese. In 1933 Iowa dairy plants manufactured 1,491,822 pounds of cheese.2 In the same year consumption is estimated to have been 10,254,397 pounds, using the 1933 United States Department of Agriculture figure of 4.15 pounds per capita and 1930 Iowa census figures as a basis of computation. In 1933 Iowa dairy plants produced 14.6 percent of the cheese consumed in the state. If this percentage could be greatly increased it would result in a larger and more diversified market for Iowa milk.
Production of cured cheese in Iowa has up to the present consisted almost entirely of the staple variety known as Cheddar or American cheese. Small production has not been the result either of lack of milk or of inability to produce an acceptable cheese. Rather it has been the inability of the average dairy plant to pay enough more for milk to be used for cheesemaking to divert the milk from other manufacturing uses, principally butter. The high value placed by the Iowa farmer upon skimmilk for feeding purposes when used as a supplement to corn in hog production has undoubtedly been one important factor in limiting the production of cheese. When milk is made into cheese the skimmilk is not available for feeding on the farm. Instead, whey, which is estimated to possess half the value of skimmilk, is available for the feeding operations. This and other factors require that the dairy plants must be able to pay a substantially higher price for milk fat for cheesemaking than for buttermaking if milk is to be available for the former. Expansion of cheese production in Iowa apparently depends upon some method of increasing the returns which can be obtained from cheese so that a relatively larger payment can be made to the milk producer
Frequency response in surface-potential driven electro-hydrodynamics
Using a Fourier approach we offer a general solution to calculations of slip
velocity within the circuit description of the electro-hydrodynamics in a
binary electrolyte confined by a plane surface with a modulated surface
potential. We consider the case with a spatially constant intrinsic surface
capacitance where the net flow rate is in general zero while harmonic rolls as
well as time-averaged vortex-like components may exist depending on the spatial
symmetry and extension of the surface potential. In general the system displays
a resonance behavior at a frequency corresponding to the inverse RC time of the
system. Different surface potentials share the common feature that the
resonance frequency is inversely proportional to the characteristic length
scale of the surface potential. For the asymptotic frequency dependence above
resonance we find a 1/omega^2 power law for surface potentials with either an
even or an odd symmetry. Below resonance we also find a power law omega^alpha
with alpha being positive and dependent of the properties of the surface
potential. Comparing a tanh potential and a sech potential we qualitatively
find the same slip velocity, but for the below-resonance frequency response the
two potentials display different power law asymptotics with alpha=1 and
alpha~2, respectively.Comment: 4 pages including 1 figure. Accepted for PR
Revitalizing the Retail Trade Sector in Rural Communities: Experiences of 13 North Dakota Towns
Community/Rural/Urban Development,
'Raising the bar' : improving the standard and utility of weed and invasive plant research
Fil: Murray, Justine V.. Water for Healthy Country Flagship; AustraliaFil: Lehnhoff, Erik A.. Montana State University; Estados UnidosFil: Neve, Paul. University of Warwick; Reino UnidoFil: Poggio, Santiago Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones FisiolĂłgicas y EcolĂłgicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomĂa; ArgentinaFil: Webber, Bruce L.. CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences; Australia. The University of Western Australia; Australi
Coulomb Drag in Coherent Mesoscopic Systems
We present a theory for Coulomb drag between two mesoscopic systems. Our
formalism expresses the drag in terms of scattering matrices and wave
functions, and its range of validity covers both ballistic and disordered
systems. The consequences can be worked out either by analytic means, such as
the random matrix theory, or by numerical simulations. We show that Coulomb
drag is sensitive to localized states, which usual transport measurements do
not probe. For chaotic 2D-systems we find a vanishing average drag, with a
nonzero variance. Disordered 1D-wires show a finite drag, with a large
variance, giving rise to a possible sign change of the induced current.Comment: 4 pages including 2 figures. Minor changes. Accepted for publication
in Phys. Rev. Let
Having children with multiple partners is associated with reduced risk of malignant melanoma: an observation seeking a plausible explanation
Anne V Olesen1,2,3, Erik T Parner4, Preben B Mortensen5, Cecilia H Ramlau-Hansen6, Jørn Olsen71Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Aarhus; 2Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital; 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital; 4Institute of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics; 5National Centre for Register-based Research; 6Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; 7Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USAObjective: We examined the association between the number of partners that mothers and fathers have children with and occurrence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).Methods: We conducted a complete registry-based follow-up of all Danish mothers born after 1935 from the birth of their second child until CMM, death, emigration, or end of study in 2002. We conducted a similar follow-up of the corresponding fathers. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Poisson regression.Results: This study corroborates that women having children with three or more men are half as likely to have CMM as women who have children with one man: incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.91; having children by two fathers reduces risk among women by 20%: IRR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.91. Fathers with multiple partners tend to face a similar risk reduction.Conclusion: The similar patterns of mothers and fathers challenge us to consider and propose likely mechanisms common to both sexes. The patterns of reduced risk have now been reported in two large independent complete population-based studies in Sweden and Denmark.Keywords: malignant melanoma, epidemiology, children with multiple partner
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