Significance of GMM-UBM based Modelling for Indian Language Identification

AbstractMost of the Indian languages are originated from Devanagari, the script of the Sanskrit language. In-spite of similarity in phoneme sets, every language its own influence on the phonotactic constraints of speech in that language. A modelling technique that is capable of capturing the slightest variations imparted by the language is a pre-requisite for developing a language identification system (LID). Use of Gaussian mixture modelling technique with a large number of mixture components demands a large training data for each language class, which is hard to collect and handle. In this work, phonotactic variations imparted by the different languages are modelled using Gaussian mixture modelling with a universal background model (GMM-UBM) technique. In GMM-UBM based modelling certain amount of data from all the language classes is pooled to develop a universal background model (UBM) and the model is adapted to each class. Spectral features (MFCC) are employed to represent the language specific phonotactic information of speech in different languages. During the present study, LID systems are developed using the speech samples from IITKGP-MLILSC. In this work, performance of the proposed GMM-UBM based LID system is compared with conventional GMM based LID system. An average improvement of 7–8% is observed due to the use of UBM-based modelling of developing a LID system

Channel estimation relying on the minimum bit-error-ratio criterion for BPSK and QPSK signals

The authors consider the channel estimation problem in the context of a linear equaliser designed for a frequency selective channel, which relies on the minimum bit-error-ratio (MBER) optimisation framework. Previous literature has shown that the MBER-based signal detection may outperform its minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) counterpart in the bit-error-ratio performance sense. In this study, they develop a framework for channel estimation by first discretising the parameter space and then posing it as a detection problem. Explicitly, the MBER cost function (CF) is derived and its performance studied, when transmitting BPSK and QPSK signals. It is demonstrated that the MBER based CF aided scheme is capable of outperforming existing MMSE, least square-based solutions

Evaluation of Herbal Extracts of Momordica Charantia and Fenugreek Seeds for Management of Diabetes

The present study discloses a composition for regulating blood sugar levels, comprising a synergistic blend of Momordica Charantia extract, Fenugreek seed extract, and additional natural extracts. The composition offers a natural and holistic approach to blood sugar regulation, harnessing the potential benefits of these extracts to support glycemic control. Momordica Charantia extract, derived from the fruits of the Momordica Charantia plant, contains bioactive compounds such as charantin, polypeptide-p, and vicine. Fenugreek seed extract, obtained from Trigonella foenum graecum seeds, comprises soluble dietary fibers, saponins, and alkaloids, known for their potential in blood sugar regulation

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co1-xFexSr2YCu2O7 compounds

Here we study the structural and magnetic properties of the CoFeSr2YCu2O7 compound with x = 0.0 to 1.0. X-ray diffraction patterns and simulated data obtained from Rietveld refinement of the same indicate that the iron ion replacement in CoFeSr2YCu2O7 induces a change in crystal structure. The orthorhombic Ima2 space group structure of Co-1212 changes to tetragonal P4/mmm with increasing Fe ion. The XPS studies reveal that both Co and Fe ions are in mixed states for the former and in case of later.Although none of the studied as synthesized samples in CoFeSr2YCu2O7 are superconducting, the interesting structural changes in terms of their crystallisation space groups and the weak magnetism highlights the rich solid state chemistry of this class of materials.Comment: 20 pages of Text+Figs: comments/suggestions welcome ([email protected]