A STUDY ON VARIATIONS OF SALIVARY pH WITH INTAKE OF FOOD

ABSTRACTObjective: Study the changes in salivary pH before and after consumption of food in college students. Methods: The study was conducted on 60 students from Saveetha Dental College by checking the pH of their saliva using a pocket pH meter and thedata was entered and compared in SPSS software along with their diet.Results: The data showed significant change in the pH of saliva before and after food intake and consumption on certain food types leads to alkalinityof the oral cavity.Conclusion: This study helped in concluding the role of types of food in changing the pH of the oral cavity and thereby helps the need for properselection on food is necessary and importance of buffering action in pH maintenance.Keywords: Saliva, pH, foo

Anomaly Intrusion Detection based on Concept Drift

Nowadays, security on the internet is a vital issue and therefore, intrusion detection is one of the major research problems for networks that defend external attacks. Intrusion detection is a new approach for providing security in existing computers and data networks. An Intrusion Detection System is a software application that monitors the system for malicious activities and unauthorized access to the system. An easy accessibility condition causes computer networks vulnerable against the attack and several threats from attackers. Intrusion Detection System is used to analyze a network of interconnected systems for avoiding uncommon intrusion or chaos. The intrusion detection problem is becoming a challenging task due to the increase in computer networks since the increased connectivity of computer systems gives access to all and makes it easier for hackers to avoid their traces and identification. The goal of intrusion detection is to identify unauthorized use, misuse and abuse of computer systems. This project focuses on algorithms: (i) Concept Drift based ensemble Incremental Learning approach for anomaly intrusion detection, and (ii) Diversity and Transfer-based Ensemble Learning. These are highly ranked anomaly detection models. We study and compare both learning models. The Network Security Laboratory-Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (NSL-KDD99) dataset have been used for training and to detect the misuse activities

Emphysematous pyelonephritis: The role of renal conservation

INTRODUCTION: Emphysematous pyelonephritis was first reported by Kelly and MacCallum in 1898 and was considered to be rare. The term EPN was first used by Schultz and Klorfein and is applied when gas is formed only in or around the kidney. The lack of a strict definition of EPN has resulted in the use of multiplicity of terms, such as renal emphysema, pneumonephritis, pyelonephritis emphysematosa and pneumonephrogram. As suggested by Schultz and Klorfein, emphysematous pyelonephritis is the preferred designation. Gas-forming bacteria using glucose as a substrate cause necrotizing lesions in infected tissue, especially in diabetic patients or those with an obstructive urinary tract infection. EPN can be complicated by acute sepsis, resulting in a poor prognosis. Thus the disease presents a urologic emergency. It deserves special attention because of its life-threatening potential. Mortality rates associated with Emphysematous pyelonephritis vary from 7 to 75%. It has generally been regarded as a rare infection in the earlier reports. However, with the more extensive use of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with features of sepsis or complicated urinary tract infection (UTI), more cases of Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) are being recognized. Huang et al believe that EPN is not rare and should be considered an important clinical entity. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1) To study the feasibility of renal conservation in emphysematous pyelonephritis. 2) To analyse the various prognostic factors that favour renal conservation in emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted in Kilpauk Medical College in its constituent hospitals Kilpauk Medical College Hospital and Government Royapettah Hospital from September 2004 to April 2007. Inclusion criteria: 1) Patients with features of acute pyelonephritis with gas in the renal parenchyma and beyond it, The symptoms were Fever, chills, loin pain, vomiting. 2) Patients admitted in the emergency, but subsequently evaluated and found to have gas in the renal parenchyma and beyond it with features of acute pyelonephritis. Exclusion criteria: 1) Patients with features of acute pyelonephritis without gas in the renal parenchyma, 2) History of recent endoscopic or open interventions in the urinary Tract, 3) History of recent catheterization. RESULTS: The descriptive statistics of the study population and their derived variables including the mean, standard deviation and maximum and minimum values. Sample size: Total number of patients included in this study was 25. Age: The mean age was 55.12 yrs with a standard deviation of 9.71.The youngest patient was 38 yrs and the oldest was 82 yrs old. Age was not significantly related to the outcomes in our study (p=0.094). Sex: 62% of the total cases were males and 32% were females. There was no significant relationship between sex and outcomes (p=0.0607). CONCLUSION: 1) There is a definite role for renal conservation in properly selected patients of emphysematous pyelonephritis. 2) The following factors at presentation could tilt the balance towards nephrectomy in conservatively managed cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis • Shock, • Altered mental status, • Raised serum creatinine, • Total count >10000/cmm, • Platelet count < 120000/cmm, • Positive blood cultures, • Absence of urinary tract obstruction

Validation of Boey's Score in Predicting Morbidity and Mortality in Peptic Ulcer Perforation Peritonitis

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer perforation is reported in 2-10% of all the known cases of peptic ulcers. There are many scoring systems for peptic ulcer perforation and peritonitis. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study was done to evaluate the accuracy of Boey’s scoring system in predicting post-operative morbidity and mortality in a patient operated for peptic ulcer perforation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was done among 50 patients as a prospective observational single centre study. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants is 45.02 years with a standard deviation of 6.4 years. The age ranged between 34 to 60 years. The median age was 45 years. All of the study participants were males. For the Boey’s scoring system, the systolic pressure is an important parameter. The mean systolic blood pressure was 116.4 mm/Hg (S.D=14.67) with only four patients with systolic BP less than 90 mm/Hg. The mean diastolic blood pressure was 74.4 mm/Hg (S.D=8.8). The mean duration of hospital stay is 12.7 days with a standard deviation of 6 days. The median number of days in 9.5 days ranging between 6 to 25 days. Out of 50 patients, 19 of them (38%) had morbidity. Out of 50 patients, only one of them (2%) died. All cases were handled through omental Patch Closure. Out of 50 patients, 19 of them (38%) had morbidity. Out of 50 patients, only one of them (2%) died. Around 42% (n=21) had post-operative complications. Around 12% (n=6) had chest infections. Around 42% (n=21) had wound infections. Around 12% (n=6) had wound dehiscence. Around 10% (n=5) had Intra abdominal collection. Chi-square analysis shows that comparison of Boey’s score with post-operative complications shows that it is significant with a value of 41.9 with a statistical significant value (p<0.005). ROC analysis for postoperative complications and Boey’s score shows that Boey’s score is highly sensitive for detecting postoperative complications with an area under curve = 0.966. ROC analysis for morbidity and Boey’s score shows that Boey’s score is highly sensitive for detecting morbidities with an area under curve = 0.916. ROC analysis for mortality and Boey’s score shows that Boey’s score is highly sensitive for detecting mortality with an area under curve = 0.969. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Boey’s score is a simple and effective system to diagnose peptic ulcer perforation and peritonitis

Dynamic Fabry-Perot cavity stabilization technique for atom-cavity experiments

We present a stabilization technique developed to lock and dynamically tune the resonant frequency of a moderate finesse Fabry-P\'erot (FP) cavity used in precision atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) experiments. Most experimental setups with active stabilization either operate at one fixed resonant frequency or use transfer cavities to achieve the ability to tune the resonant frequency of the cavity. In this work, we present a simple and cost-effective solution to actively stabilize an optical cavity while achieving a dynamic tuning range of over 100 MHz with a precision under 1 MHz. Our unique scheme uses a reference laser locked to an electro-optic modulator (EOM) shifted saturation absorption spectroscopy (SAS) signal. The cavity is locked to the PDH error signal obtained from the dip in the reflected intensity of this reference laser. Our setup provides the feature to efficiently tune the resonant frequency of the cavity by only changing the EOM drive without unlocking and re-locking either the reference laser or the cavity. We present measurements of precision control of the resonant cavity frequency and vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) to quantify the stability achieved and hence show that this technique is suitable for a variety of cavity QED experiments