From bench to bedside: use of human adipose-derived stem cells

Vaughan Feisst,1 Sarah Meidinger,1 Michelle B Locke2 1Dunbar Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, 2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract: Since the discovery of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) in human adipose tissue nearly 15 years ago, significant advances have been made in progressing this promising cell therapy tool from the laboratory bench to bedside usage. Standardization of nomenclature around the different cell types used is finally being adopted, which facilitates comparison of results between research groups. In vitro studies have assessed the ability of ASC to undergo mesenchymal differentiation as well as differentiation along alternate lineages (transdifferentiation). Recently, focus has shifted to the immune modulatory and paracrine effects of transplanted ASC, with growing interest in the ASC secretome as a source of clinical effect. Bedside use of ASC is advancing alongside basic research. An increasing number of safety-focused Phase I and Phase IIb trials have been published without identifying any significant risks or adverse events in the short term. Phase III trials to assess efficacy are currently underway. In many countries, regulatory frameworks are being developed to monitor their use and assure their safety. As many trials rely on ASC injected at a distant site from the area of clinical need, strategies to improve the homing and efficacy of transplanted cells are also being explored. This review highlights each of these aspects of the bench-to-bedside use of ASC and summarizes their clinical utility across a variety of medical specialties. Keywords: standardization, bystander effect, stromal cells, mesenchymal stem cells, stromal vascular fractio

Photonic crystal gas sensors

The bandstructure of photonic crystals offers intriguingpossibilities for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves. During the last years, research has mainly focussed on theapplication of these photonic crystal properties in the telecomare a. We suggest utilization of photonic crystals for sensorapplications such as qu alitative and quantitative gas and liquidanalysis. Taking advantage of the low group velocity and certainmode distributions for some k-points in the bandstructure of a photonic crystal should enable the realization of verycompact sensor devices. We show different device configurations of a photonic crystal based on macro porous silicon that fulfill the demands to serve as a compact gas sensor

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