RETINAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY INDUCED-HYPERTENSION

Objective: The aim is to determine the prevalence of retinal changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and its association with age, parity, proteinuria, blood pressureand severity of PIH. Methods: This is a tertiary hospital based Cross-Sectional study including all patients, clinically diagnosed with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. General demographic details along with age, gravida, gestation period, proteinuria, blood pressure and severity of PIH were noted. Ophthalmic examination was performed and detailed fundus examination was done. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in this study. Their mean age was 24.9 y; 32 out of 52 patients were primigravida (61%) and 20 patients were multi gravida (39%). Out of 52 patients 34 (65.38%) had Gestational Hypertension, 16 (30.76%) had preeclampsia, and 2 (3.8%) had eclampsia. 3 (5.76%) out of 29 patients with BP<160/100 mmHg and 10 (19.23%) out of 23 patients with BP>160/100 mmHg had developed Hypertensive Retinopathy. Hypertensive Retinopathy was seen in 13 (25%). Proteinuria was seen in 10 (19.23%) patients ranging between+to+++on the dipstick. Conclusion: Statistically significant correlation between retinal changes and proteinuria, blood pressure and severity of Disease.The most important requisite in a case of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is Fundoscopic examination of retina. The retinal vessels during PIH form a gateway to visualize changes in the body and placental vessels, and may play a key role in early detection and treatment of PIH for protection of the mother as well as the fetus

Response of oceanic cyclogenesis metrics for NARGIS cyclone:a case study

In this study, variability of two oceanic cyclogenesis metrics, tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis (EOLC) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during NARGIS cyclone is investigated. EOLC represents the geopotential thickness of near surface stratified layer forms because of the spread of low salinity waters due to fresh water influx from rivers and precipitation. Climatological fields of TCHP and EOLC reveal that NARGIS translated towards the region of higher EOLC as seen in the observations. A maximum daily sea surface cooling of 2 °C is observed along the right and rear side of NARGIS track

ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF DRY EYES IN DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS AND IT’S EFFECT ON VISUAL ACUITY

Objective: To find out the incidence and prevalence of Dry Eyes in Diabetic patients and find out its effect on visual acuity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Schirmer’s test was done for 100 diabetic patients taking part in the research. Those with dry eyes were tested for their visual acuity and were asked to fill a questionnaire based on associated ocular symptoms. The collected data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: There is about an incidence of 82% of dry eyes in diabetic patients. It’s more prevalent among elderly women. There seems to be a significant effect of dry eys on visual acuity as 31% of those tested with dry eyes have a moderate visual impairment. Conclusion: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dry eye. So diabetic patients should undergo regular ocular examination and must be screened for dry eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment of dry eyes is the best choice to prevent ocular complications in the future

3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy­phenyl acrylate

In the title compound, C12H12O4, the hydr­oxy O and the C and O atoms of the acetyl group are almost coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.0356 (1) Å] with the benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the plane through the non-H atoms of the methacrylo­yloxy group is 86.1 (1)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with graph-set descriptor R 2 2(16). A strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed

COMPARISON OF POSTOPERATIVE CORNEAL ASTIGMATISM IN PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND MANUAL SMALL INCISION CATARACT SURGERY

Objective: Globally a significant proportion of treatable blindness is caused by cataract, especially in India and southeast Asia. Treatment of cataract is surgical correction with intraocular lens implantation. The main drawback of surgical correction is induction of postoperative astigmatism in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of astigmatism in manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification 3 mo postoperatively Methods: The study was a retrospective case study on postoperative corneal astigmatism after cataract surgery. It was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Thandalam, Tamil Nadu. A total of 100 patients were selected and divided into two groups, group A (=50) underwent phacoemulsification and group B (=50) underwent manual small incision cataract surgery. Preoperative astigmatic status of the patients was noted from patient records. Both groups were evaluated 3 mo postoperatively using automated keratometry. The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel Independent T test, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Power of the study was 80% with an alpha error of 5%. Results: Mean postoperative astigmatism at 3 mo was 0.91±0.255D and 0.34±0.110D due to manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification, respectively. Conclusion: Postoperative astigmatism was greater in manual small incision cataract surgery than phacoemulsification. Improvement in preoperative astigmatism was seen in patients who underwent superotemporal incision phacoemulsificatio

Analysis of Metallised Propellant Ignition Process under Conductive Heating

Ignition of a composite aluminised propellant (AP-HTPB-Al) in stagnant hot air is analysed theoretically, based on solid phase and gas phase theories. According to solid phase theory, ignition is due to reaction of the propellant in the solid phase at elevated temperatures. One-dimensional transient solid phase energy equation is solved to obtain the surface temperature profile of the propellant. By gas phase theory, an exothermic gas phase reaction, adjacent to the propellant surface, is considered responsible for the ignition. The changes in temperature and concentrations in the gas phase and the temperature profile below the propellant surface during the pre-ignition induction period are considered. Equations of energy and concentrations of reactants have been solved to obtain the species concentration and temperature profiles in the gas phase. An experimental investigation of the ignition of AP-HTPB-Al propellant is also carried out in a shock tube under end-mount conditions. Pressure and temperature ranges were 6-16 bar and 1500-3000 K, respectively. A comparison of the experimental data with predicted results shows that the ignition in an oxidizing atmosphere is by gas phase reaction, whereas in an inert atmosphere, solid phase reaction may be predominant

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONJUNCTIVAL AUTOGRAFT AND BARE SCLERA TECHNIQUES IN THE TREATMENT OF PTERYGIUM

Objective: Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth encroaching from the conjunctiva into the cornea. This study deals with the comparison of conjunctival autograft and bare sclera technique as treatment options for pterygium. Methods: This study was done in the ophthalmology department of Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai. A total of 100 patients were diagnosed of pterygium was taken for the study, out of which 60 patients were operated on with conjunctival autograft and 40 patients were operated with bare sclera technique. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus were excluded. Post-operative complications and recurrence were noted. All the patients were between the age group of 20-65 y. Results: The mean age of patients operated with conjunctival autograft was 43.6, whereas in bare sclera technique was 46.625. The maximum age was 63 and the minimum age was 23 in conjunctival autograft whereas in bare sclera technique, the maximum age was 64 and the minimum age was 22. The recurrence rate of pterygium in conjunctival autograft was 1 and the recurrence rate of pterygium in bare sclera technique was 4. Conclusion: The present study revealed that conjunctival autograft was a better treatment option compared to the bare sclera technique for excision of pterygiu

Survelliance of drug resistance in tuberculosis in the state of Tamil Nadu

Summary: Surveillance of drug resistance was carried out at State level to obtain data which are standardised and comparable using guidelines prescribed by the WHO/IUATLD Working Group on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. Objective: To determine the proportion of initial and acquired drug resistance in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Tamilnadu, in order to use the level of drug resistance as a performance indicator of the National Tuberculosis Programme. Methods: Two specimens of sputum from each of a total of 713 patients attending 145 participating centres all over the state were tested by smear and culture examination and drug susceptibility tests of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol and Streptomycin. Results: Out of 400 patients for whom drug susceptibility results were available, 384 (96%) had no history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment. Of these, 312 (81%) were susceptible to all the drugs tested. Resistance to isoniazid was seen in 15.4% of patients and to Rifampicin in 4.4% including resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin in 3.4%. Conclusion: There has been a gradual increase in initial drug resistance over the years in this part of the country

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE CONTRAST SENSITIVITY OF THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT DIABETES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the variations in contrast sensitivity values of normoglycemic subjects and that of type II diabetic subjects of the same age group. It was also aimed at finding the visual acuities and study the associations of it with contrast sensitivity if any. Methods: It was a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the out-patient department of the Department of Ophthalmology, Saveetha Medical College, Hospital, Chennai. Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity of 50 Type II Diabetic individuals and 50 age-equivalent control group subjects were measured using the Snellen’s chart and Pelli-Robson chart, respectively, during the months of January to March 2020. Results: Contrast Sensitivity measurements from 50 subjects with Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) were obtained. The subjects were the ones who had minimal or no diabetic retinopathy. It was observed that there is a significant association between reduced contrast sensitivity and Diabetes (P value<.00008). We also noted that CS may be reduced without corresponding loss of Visual Acuity. Hence, both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements are helpful in the assessment of visual impairment due to diabetic eye disease. Conclusion: The contrast sensitivity can be seen as an early marker for visual impairment in diabetic eye care