АМПЕРОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПЕРРЕНАТ-АНИОНА НА МИКРОГРАНИЦЕ МЕЖДУ ДВУМЯ НЕСМЕШИВАЮЩИМИСЯ РАСТВОРАМИ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТОВ

Voltammetric responses associated with the simple reaction of perrhenate anions transfer across polarized micro-interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (micro-ITIES) was investigated, and their sensing applications were demonstrated. The micro-ITIES array was formed at polyethylene terephthalate membranes containing a 196 microhole array of radius 10.0±0.1 μm using a femtosecond laser. The characteristics of perrhenate ions transfer at the water/2-nitrophenyloctyl ether interface were first investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV was used in the estimation of some of the perrhenate anions thermodynamic parameters, such as the formal transfer potential and the Gibbs transfer energy. The technique of alternating current stripping voltammetry (ACSV) was also utilized to improve the sensitivity of the perrhenate anion detection. Under optimized preconcentration and detection conditions, a limit of detection of 0.3 μM with a wide linear dynamic range extending from 1.0 to 100 μM was achieved. The effect of various potential interfering anions on the perrhenate sensor was also investigated and an excellent selectivity over SCN-, I-, NO3-, NO2-, CO32-, SO42-, MoO42-, WO42- and CH3COO- ions was also achieved. This enabled quantitative measurements of rhenium in some mineral raw samples and the data was also validated by comparing with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.Настоящая работа посвящена изучению простого ионного переноса перренат-иона через поляризуемую микрограницу раздела фаз двух несмешивающихся растворов электролитов (микро-ГРДНРЭ) и применению данного явления для аналитического определения рения. Для создания системы с микро-ГРДНРЭ изготовлена микроперфорированная полимерная мембрана из полиэтилентерефталата , в которой с помощью фемтосекундного лазера проделанмассив из 196 микроотверстий диаметром 10±0.1 мкм. С использованием данной системы методом циклической вольтамперометрии (ЦВА) впервые исследованы первичные характеристики переноса перренат-иона на микрогранице раздела фаз вода/2-нитрофенилоктиловый эфир и определены термодинамические параметры переноса, такие, как формальный потенциал ионного переноса, энергия Гиббса и межфазный коэффициент распределения. Для повышения чувствительности обнаружения перренат-иона применяли также технику инверсионной вольтамперометрии (ИВА). При оптимизированных условиях электрохимического концентрирования и обнаружения достигнут предел обнаружения перренат-иона, равный 0.3 мкМ, с широким линейным динамическим диапазоном от 1.0 до 100 мкМ. Изучено влияние х мешающих ионов на электрохимический отклик перренат-иона, и достигнута отличная селективность по отношению к анионам SCN-, I-, NO3-, NO2-, CO32-, SO42-, MoO42-, WO42- и CH3CO-. Это позволило провести количественное определение рения в некоторых образцах минерального сырья и сравнить полученные данные с результатами, полученными методом атомно-эмиссионной спектроскопии с индуктивно связанной плазмой

Effect of Laser Optoperforation of the Zona Pellucida on Mouse Embryo Development in vitro

Laser operations on cells and embryos are an important field of current photobiology and biophotonics. The high power density of tightly focused laser irradiation provides an efficient impact on matter of cells or embryos. Precise focusing of the laser spot allows strictly controlled perforation of the membrane. The present work was devoted to studying the influence of optoperforation of mammalian embryonic zona pellucida with a tightly focused laser beam with 1.48-µm wavelength on further development of the embryo. Such a laser operation was proposed for application in in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice and intracytoplasmic sperm injection into the oocyte (ICSI). For cultured in vitro oocytes and embryos, the process of natural exiting from the zona pellucida ("hatching") is often impaired, which decreases probability of implantation and pregnancy The goals of the present work were to determine the influence of different manipulations on development of embryos in vitro until blastocyst formation and on the ISSN 0006-2979, Biochemistry (Moscow), 2015, Vol. 80, No. 6, pp. 769-775. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © E. O. Zakharchenko, A. D. Zalessky, A. A. Osychenko, A. S. Krivokharchenko, A. K. Shakhbazyan, A. V. Ryabova, V. A. Nadtochenko, 2015, published in Biokhimiya, 2015 769 * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Abstract-The effect of laser optical perforation of the zona pellucida on the viability and development of mouse embryos has been studied. Operations of zona pellucida thinning and single or double perforation were carried out on 2-cell embryo, morula, and blastocyst stages with a laser pulse (wavelength 1.48 µm, pulse duration 2 ms). Embryo development up to the blastocyst stage and hatching efficiency were statistically analyzed. It was found that 2-cell or morula stage embryo zona pellucida thinning or single perforation did not affect development to the blastocyst stage and number of hatched embryos, but it accelerated embryo hatching compared to control groups one day earlier in vitro. Double optoperforation on 2-cell embryo or morula stage did not significantly affect development to the blastocyst stage, but it strongly decreased the number of hatched embryos. Also, zona pellucida perforation at the blastocyst stage had a negative effect: hatching did not occur after this manipulation. Blastocyst cell number calculation after single zona pellucida perforation at 2-cell and morula stages showed that cell number of hatching or hatched blastocysts did not differ from the same control groups. This fact points out that the laser single optoperforation method is a useful and safe experimental tool that allows further manipulations within the zona pellucida. Effect of Laser Optoperforation of the Zon

Femtosecond Nanosurgery: Laser Enucleation of Chromatin in the Oocyte

A method for cell enucleation by femtosecond laser nanosurgery has been developed. This enucleation technique allows DNA destruction with high precision and low invasiveness, showing good efficiency. The technology of such operations is of great importance in medical and scientific practice.Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ № 21-75-10155

STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING FEMTOSECOND LASER NANO SURGERY TO OBTAIN PLANT HYBRIDS

Femtosecond laser nanosurgery can be a very convenient selection tool. The method of laser nanosurgery allows working with individual organelles without damaging or killing a cell. Studying the interaction of a laser pulse with a biological material will greatly simplify the selection.Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований 19-53-52007, а также при поддержке Государственного задания ФИЦ ХФ РАН АААА-А19-119012990175-9 с использованием оборудования ЦКП ФИЦ ХФ им. Н. Н. Семенова (№506694)

Femtochemistry of Rhodopsins

Abstract The review considers the spectral kinetic data obtained by us by femtosecond absorption laser spectroscopy for the photochromic reaction of retinal isomerization in animal rhodopsin (type II), namely, bovine visual rhodopsin and microbial rhodopsins (type I), such as Exiguobacterium sibiricum rhodopsin and Halobacterium salinarum bacteriorhodopsin. It is shown that the elementary act of the photoreaction of retinal isomerization in type I and type II rhodopsins can be interpreted as a transition through a conical intersection with retention of the coherence of the vibrational wave packets generated during excitation. The coherent nature of the reaction is most pronounced in visual rhodopsin as a result of the barrier-free movement along the excited surface of potential energy, which also leads to an extremely high rate of retinal isomerization compared to microbial rhodopsins. Differences in the dynamics of photochemical reactions of type I and type II rhodopsins can be related to both differences in the initial isomeric forms of their chromophores (all-trans and 11-cis retinal, respectively), as well as with the effect of the protein environment on the chromophore. Despite the practically identical values of the quantum yields of the direct photoreaction of visual rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, the reverse photoreaction of visual rhodopsin is much less effective (φ = 0.15) than in the case of bacteriorhodopsin (φ = 0.81). It can be assumed that the photobiological mechanism for converting light into an information process in the evolutionarily younger visual rhodopsins (type II rhodopsins) should be more reliable than the mechanism for converting light into a photoenergetic process in the evolutionarily more ancient microbial rhodopsins (type I rhodopsins). The low value of the quantum yield of the reverse reaction of visual rhodopsin can be considered as an increase in the reliability of the forward reaction, which triggers the process of phototransduction. </jats:sec