Organizational and legal aspects of developing and implementing prospective heat supply schemes in municipalities

The paper analyses current legislations that regulate the development and implementation of municipal heat supply systems. A cost-effectiveness analysis of an investment programme model taken for a particular heat supply scheme in a Sverdlovsk regional municipality reveals a certain number of problem areas of organizational and legal nature in the overall heat supply process. Hence, certain ways of amending existing legislations are proposed to improve and streamline the heat supply restructuration process. The paper also presents an algorithm of cooperation for heat supply participants whenever an energy service company enters the scheme as an investment process operator

Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in the combustion of fuels in a circulating fluidized bed

This paper is devoted to the study of the processes of forming and reducing nitrogen oxides in the combustion of fuels in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). All experimental studies were conducted using special laboratory equipment. To develop a model of the nitrogen oxides formation, the process of fuel combustion in a fluidized bed was split into two stages: the combustion of volatiles and coke residue burning. Nitrogen formation and reduction in combustion with oxygen deficiency are discussed, which is one of the most effective ways of reducing nitrogen oxides emissions in the combustion of the fuel in the CFB. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

Generation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in firing different kinds of fuel in a circulating fluidized bed

The processes through which nitrogen oxides are generated and reduced in the course of firing different kinds of fuel in a circulating fluidized bed are addressed. All experimental studies were carried by the authors on their own laboratory installations. To construct a model simulating the generation of nitrogen oxides, the fuel combustion process in a fluidized bed was subdivided into two stages: combustion of volatiles and combustion of coke residue. The processes through which nitrogen oxides are generated and reduced under the conditions of firing fuel with shortage of oxygen (which is one of efficient methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in firing fuel in a fluidized bed) are considered. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Transients in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Transients in a circulating fluidized bed boiler firing biomass are considered. An attempt is made to describe transients with the use of concepts applied in the automatic control theory. The parameters calculated from an analysis of unsteady heat balance equations are compared with the experimental data obtained in the 12-MW boiler of the Chalmers University of Technology. It is demonstrated that these equations describe the transient modes of operation with good accuracy. Dependences for calculating the time constants of unsteady processes are obtained. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Efficiency Increase in Liquefied Natural Gas Production at Motor Gas Filling Compressor Station using Propane-Butane Fraction pre- Extraction

Nowadays the production of liquefied natural gas including low-tonnage production is one of the most promising areas of modern energy. The development of measures to improve the quality of a liquefied product and the efficiency of its production processes is an urgent scientific problem of great practical importance. The aim of the study is to develop an effective technological scheme which allows improving the quality of liquefied natural gas produced at automobile gas filling compressor stations. The goal was achieved by performing an analysis of the effectiveness of the natural gas components low-temperature separation process at a gas distribution station before its liquefaction at the compressed natural gas filling station in order to obtain a product with a reduced content of heavy hydrocarbons, as well as through a practical study of the process of low-temperature separation of hydrocarbons at an operating liquefaction facility natural gas. According to these characteristics and conducted experimental studies, the effectiveness of the scheme for obtaining a propane-butane product in the process of liquefying natural gas has been confirmed. An important result is also a new substance obtained during the experiments, which has the properties of degreasing. The significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use in the design of subsequent facilities for the reduction and liquefaction of natural gas with a line for the production of propane-butane and the investigated degreasing agent. © 2023 The Author(s)

Anode off-gas recirculation ejector modelling at various operation modes

The article includes methods for calculation of the anode off-gas equilibrium chemical composition, anode off-gas recirculation ratio at which the carbon deposition fails to occur in the reformer and fuel cell anode channel and the ejector’s entrainment ratio for the SOFC power unit with anode off-gas recirculation at various operation modes.В статье приведены методики расчета состава уходящего анодного газа, степени рециркуляции, обеспечивающей протекание реакций риформинга с отсутствием сажеобразования, а также коэффициента инжекции эжектора в схеме с рециркуляцией анодных газов для различных режимов работы установки

GAS FORMATION PROCESS UNDER ZINC CONCENTRATE ROASTING IN FLUIDIZED BED

Аналитически получена зависимость концентрации горючих веществ в кипящем слое при обжиге цинкового концентрата. Проведено сопоставление расчетов с экспериментальными данными, полученными на промышленной обжиговой печи.Dependence of volatilize evolution under zinc concentrate roasting in fluidized bed furnace. The comparison between calculation results and experimental data industrial was made. Experimental data resulted in industrial roasted furnace operation

Reduction of Periodic Reverse Flow Influence on Microchannel Evaporators Performance

В работе рассмотрена необходимость проведения исследований по снижению влияния периодического обратного потока в микроканальных испарителях. Описаны способы улучшения распределения холодильного агента в микроканалах, имеющиеся в открытых источниках научно-технической информации, проведена оценка их эффективности и определена программа экспериментов по изучению описанных способов.This paper describes the necessary for research to reduce the influence of periodic reverse flow in microchannel evaporators. The methods of improving the distribution of refrigerating agent in microchannels available in open sources of scientific and technical information are described, their effectiveness is evaluated and a program of experiments to study the described methods is determined