Dating as leisure

Partner selection occurs naturally and informally, but it may also be organized through commercial intermediaries facilitating mating and dating. This paper focuses on the relationship between online dating and the business cycle . We rely on monthly data covering the period from January 2004 to August 2008 on the demand for online dating in France to study whether economic recession tends to stimulate the online dating industry. We find that during economic downturns, people tend to to increase their demand for online dating, which is consistent with anedoctal evidences suggesting that some people have more time to invest in online dating and that the marginal utility of dating increases during economic recession

Dating as leisure

Partner selection occurs naturally and informally, but it may also be organized through commercial intermediaries facilitating mating and dating. This paper focuses on the relationship between online dating and the business cycle . We rely on monthly data covering the period from January 2004 to August 2008 on the demand for online dating in France to study whether economic recession tends to stimulate the online dating industry. We find that during economic downturns, people tend to to increase their demand for online dating, which is consistent with anedoctal evidences suggesting that some people have more time to invest in online dating and that the marginal utility of dating increases during economic recession

Influenza vaccination coverage against seasonal and pandemic influenza and their determinants in France: a cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: Following the emergence of the influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, the French ministry of health decided to offer free vaccination against pandemic influenza to the entire French population. Groups of people were defined and prioritised for vaccination. METHODS: We took a random sample of the population of mainland France and conducted a retrospective cross-sectional telephone survey to estimate vaccination coverage against seasonal and pandemic influenza and to identify determinants of these vaccinations. RESULTS: 10,091 people were included in the survey. Overall seasonal influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) remained stable in the population from the 2008-2009 season to the 2009-2010 season reaching 20.6% and 20.8% respectively. Overall pandemic IVC in the French population is estimated to be 11.1% (CI95%: 9.8 - 12.4). The highest pandemic IVC was observed in the 0-4 years age group. For individuals with health conditions associated with higher risk of influenza, pandemic IVC was estimated to be 12.2% (CI95%: 9.8 - 15.1). The main determinants associated with pandemic influenza vaccine uptake were: living in a household with a child < 5 years OR(adj): 2.0 (CI95%: 1.3 - 3.1) or with two children < 5 years or more, OR(adj): 2.7 (CI95%: 1.4 - 5.1), living in a household where the head of the family is university graduate (>2 years), OR(adj): 2.5 (CI95%: 1.5 - 4.1), or has a higher professional and managerial occupation, OR(adj): 3.0 (CI95%: 1.5 - 5.5) and being vaccinated against seasonal influenza, OR(adj): 7.1 (CI95%: 5.1 - 10.0). Being an individual with higher risk for influenza was not a determinant for pandemic influenza vaccine uptake. These determinants are not the same as those for seasonal influenza vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Overall A(H1N1)2009 influenza vaccine uptake remained low, particularly among individuals with higher risk for influenza and was lower than that observed for seasonal influenza. The reasons behind people's reluctance to be vaccinated need to be investigated further

Acute diarrhea in adults consulting a general practitioner in France during winter: incidence, clinical characteristics, management and risk factors

International audienceBackgroundData describing the epidemiology and management of viral acute diarrhea (AD) in adults are scant. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence, clinical characteristics, management and risk factors of winter viral AD in adults.MethodsThe incidence of AD in adults during two consecutive winters (from December 2010 to April 2011 and from December 2011 to April 2012) was estimated from the French Sentinelles network. During these two winters, a subset of Sentinelles general practitioners (GPs) identified and included adult patients who presented with AD and who filled out a questionnaire and returned a stool specimen for virological examination. All stool specimens were tested for astrovirus, group A rotavirus, human enteric adenovirus, and norovirus of genogroup I and genogroup II. Age- and sex-matched controls were included to permit a case¿control analysis with the aim of identifying risk factors for viral AD.ResultsDuring the studied winters, the average incidence of AD in adults was estimated to be 3,158 per 100,000 French adults (95% CI [2,321 ¿ 3,997]). The most reported clinical signs were abdominal pain (91.1%), watery diarrhea (88.5%), and nausea (83.3%). GPs prescribed a treatment in 95% of the patients with AD, and 80% of the working patients with AD could not go to work. Stool examinations were positive for at least one enteric virus in 65% (95% CI [57 ¿ 73]) of patients with AD with a predominance of noroviruses (49%). Having been in contact with a person who has suffered from AD in the last 7 days, whether within or outside the household, and having a job (or being a student) were risk factors significantly associated with acquiring viral AD.ConclusionsDuring the winter, AD of viral origin is a frequent disease in adults, and noroviruses are most often the cause. No preventable risk factor was identified other than contact with a person with AD. Thus, at the present time, reinforcement of education related to hand hygiene remains the only way to reduce the burden of disease

Chronic hypoxia aggravates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: a rodent relevant model to the human severe form of the disease

International audienc

Campylobacter infections in human : results of threeyears of surveillance 2001 - 2003

The frequency of Campylobacter infections in human, their potential severity, and the existence of preventive measures warrant the creation of a surveillance system. A Campylobacter surveillance system based on private laboratories (PL) was set up in France in 2002 to complement the hospital laboratory-based system(HL). Since 1 January 2001 (for HL), 1 April 2002 (for PL) and 31 December 2003, the Campylobacter National reference Centre analyzed 3 698 strains. Initially thought to be 3.4/100,000, the overall isolation rate was grossly underestimated, as the latest figure is 14/100,000 among children under 5 years old. The strains were mainly C. jejuni (76.9%), followed by C. coli (17.0%) and C. fetus (5.4%). Resistance rates were 41% for ampicillin and 28% for nalidixic acid. Surveillance must be maintained to collect more data on Campylobacter epidemiology in France and to estimate its incidence in the general population.La fréquence des infections humaines à Campylobacter, leur gravité potentielle et l'existence de mesures de prévention justifient une surveillance. En France, un système de surveillance des infections à Campylobacter a été mis en place en avril 2002, à partir des laboratoires de ville (LABM), en complément de celui du réseau des laboratoires hospitaliers (LH) existant depuis 1986. Entre le 1/01/01 (pour les LH), le 1/04/02 (pour les LABM) et le 31/12/03, le Centre National de Référence des Campylobacter a expertisé 3698 souches. Le taux global d'isolement de 3,4/100000 était très largement sous-estimé : il était de 14/100000 pour les enfants âgés de moins S ans. C. jejuni représentait 76,9% des souches, suivi de C. coli (17,0 %) et de C. fetus (5,4%). Le taux de résistance à l'ampicilline était de 41 % et à l'acide nalidixique de 28%. Les efforts pour la surveillance doivent être poursuivis, afin de mieux connaître les caractéristiques épidémiotogiques des infection à Campylobacter en France et de faire des estimations d'incidence en population générale

Construire au-delà de la Méditerranée

Suez, Abou Simbel, Le Caire, Alger, Casablanca, Istanbul... Pour la première fois, des historiens de l'architecture et des conservateurs d'archives nous permettent d'accéder à un patrimoine culturel européen exceptionnel et méconnu : les archives produites par les entreprises du bâtiment et des travaux publics actives au sud de la Méditerranée, entre 1860 et 1970. Ouvrages d'art en acier ou béton armé, cités pour ouvriers et cadres expatriés, bâtiments publics mais aussi mobilier, décors, ouvrages effectués par des artisans d'art... Toutes ces réalisations témoignent d'une époque d'intenses échanges humains, techniques, et artistiques entre l'Europe et l'arc sud-est de la Méditerranée. Photographies anciennes destinées à promouvoir le travail des entrepreneurs, photographies de chantier, dessins d'architectes, croquis et carnets documentant les innovations techniques, plaquettes publicitaires... le livre est illustré par plus de 200 dessins et photographies provenant directement des fonds d'archives des constructeurs. Cet ouvrage est le résultat du projet de coopération transnationale "ARCHING : ARchives d'INGénierie européenne" (2010-2012) conduit dans le cadre du programme Culture 2007-2013 de la Commission européenne, auquel ont participé cinq institutions : l'Ecomusée du Bois-du-Luc (Belgique), la Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine (France), InVisu (CNRS-INHA) (France), le Dipartimento di Architettura disegno-storia-progetto de l'université de Florence (Italie), Archmuseum (Turquie).Suez, Abu Simbel, Cairo, Algiers, Casablanca, Istanbul... This work of pioneering research by architectural historians and archivists gives us access to an exceptional field of European cultural heritage: the records of buildings and public works contractors active on the southern shores of the Mediterranean between 1860 and 1970. It covers all the construction trades, from steel or reinforced concrete bridges and dams, housing for laborers and expats, and public buildings, but also furniture, decoration, and studio crafts. All of these projects attest to the intensity of the human, technical, and artistic exchanges occurring in this period between Europe and the south-eastern Mediterranean rim. This book is illustrated with over 200 rare drawings and photographs drawn directly from the builders'archives, including old photos intended to promote the contractor's business, construction site photos, architects' plans, sketches, and notes documenting technical innovations, and vintage advertising brochures, etc. This book is the product of the transnational cooperation project "ARCHING: ARChives d'INGénierie européennes" (2010-2012) carried out as part of the European Commission Culture Programme 2007-2013, in conjunction with five institutions: the Ecomusée du Bois-du-Luc (Belgium), the Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine (France), InVisu (CNRS-INHA) (France), the Dipartimento di Architettura disegno-storia-progetto of the University of Florence (Italy) and the Archmuseum (Turkey)

Building Beyond The Mediterranean

Suez, Abu Simbel, Cairo, Algiers, Casablanca, Istanbul... This work of pioneering research by architectural historians and archivists gives us access to an exceptional field of European cultural heritage: the records of buildings and public works contractors active on the southern shores of the Mediterranean between 1860 and 1970. It covers all the construction trades, from steel or reinforced concrete bridges and dams, housing for laborers and expats, and public buildings, but also furniture, decoration, and studio crafts. All of these projects attest to the intensity of the human, technical, and artistic exchanges occurring in this period between Europe and the south-eastern Mediterranean rim. This book is illustrated with over 200 rare drawings and photographs drawn directly from the builders'archives, including old photos intended to promote the contractor's business, construction site photos, architects' plans, sketches, and notes documenting technical innovations, and vintage advertising brochures, etc. This book is the product of the transnational cooperation project "ARCHING: ARChives d'INGénierie européennes" (2010-2012) carried out as part of the European Commission Culture Programme 2007-2013, in conjunction with five institutions: the Ecomusée du Bois-du-Luc (Belgium), the Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine (France), InVisu (CNRS-INHA) (France), the Dipartimento di Architettura disegno-storia-progetto of the University of Florence (Italy) and the Archmuseum (Turkey).Suez, Abou Simbel, Le Caire, Alger, Casablanca, Istanbul... Pour la première fois, des historiens de l'architecture et des conservateurs d'archives nous permettent d'accéder à un patrimoine culturel européen exceptionnel et méconnu : les archives produites par les entreprises du bâtiment et des travaux publics actives au sud de la Méditerranée, entre 1860 et 1970. Ouvrages d'art en acier ou béton armé, cités pour ouvriers et cadres expatriés, bâtiments publics mais aussi mobilier, décors, ouvrages effectués par des artisans d'art... Toutes ces réalisations témoignent d'une époque d'intenses échanges humains, techniques, et artistiques entre l'Europe et l'arc sud-est de la Méditerranée. Photographies anciennes destinées à promouvoir le travail des entrepreneurs, photographies de chantier, dessins d'architectes, croquis et carnets documentant les innovations techniques, plaquettes publicitaires... le livre est illustré par plus de 200 dessins et photographies provenant directement des fonds d'archives des constructeurs. Cet ouvrage est le résultat du projet de coopération transnationale "ARCHING : ARchives d'INGénierie européenne" (2010-2012) conduit dans le cadre du programme Culture 2007-2013 de la Commission européenne, auquel ont participé cinq institutions : l'Ecomusée du Bois-du-Luc (Belgique), la Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine (France), InVisu (CNRS-INHA) (France), le Dipartimento di Architettura disegno-storia-progetto de l'université de Florence (Italie), Archmuseum (Turquie)