Avaliação da eficiência de degradação de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos por bactérias provinientes de estação de tratamento de efluente de refinaria de petróleo

Three bacterial strains were isolated from the activated sludge system of petroleum refinery wastewater, identified by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA, and classified as Acinetobacter genomospecies 3, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus flexus. The degradation efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. In a mineral medium containing anthracene and phenanthrene and the consortium of microorganisms, the removal efficiency was 96% and 99%, respectively, after 30 days. The good rate of hydrocarbon degradation proves the operational efficiency of the microbial consortium in treating effluents containing these compounds

Recovery of Antimicrobials and Bioaccessible Isoflavones and Phenolics from Soybean (Glycine max) Meal by Aqueous Extraction

Soybeans display strategic potential in food security as a source of protein and functional bioactives for human consumption. Polyphenols and other bioactive compounds can be recovered after an aqueous extraction from soybean meal, a byproduct of soy oil refining. The objective of the present study was to compile and quantify compounds from soybean oil refinery by-products, providing information about valuable bioactive phytochemicals, their bioaccessibility and potential bioactivities. Genistin, daidzin, glycitin and malonylgenistin were the predominant isoflavones, and the overall bioaccessibility of their glycosidic forms was of nearly 75%. Sixteen phenolics were identified and caffeic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic chlorogenic acid and hesperidin were the most predominant. Approximately 30% of gallic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and myricetin were released and the antioxidant capacity of aqueous extract was enhanced after simulated in vitro gastro intestinal digestion. The ability of aqueous soybean meal extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation was higher than natural and synthetic food antioxidants. Antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogens and antitumoral activity towards human glioblastoma cell line were also observed, but the aqueous extract showed no cytotoxicity to healthy murine cells. Compounds derived from the aqueous soybean meal extract have the potential to be used as health promoting agents

Polymorphic microsatellites of analysis in cultivars of taro Análise polimórfica por microssatélites em cultivares de taro

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a tuberous plant belonging to the Araceae family whose tuber is the 14th most consumed food crop in the world. Characterized as an unconventional vegetable, taro is grown in Brazil as a subsistence crop, but in recent years began to gain commercial importance, especially in the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. To avoid loss of genetic diversity of the local varieties traditionally grown in Brazil a core collection for taro germplasm has been developed by the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Espirito Santo (Incaper). The aim of this study was to perform a molecular characterization of the seven regional core collections. Genetic diversity of the cultivars was investigated by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) polymorphisms, in seven loci (Xuqtem55, Xuqtem73, Xuqtem84, Xuqtem88, Xuqtem91, Xuqtem97 and Xuqtem110). Genetic diversity of the cultivars, based on the seven microsatellite alleles, was evaluated by using the software GelCompar II, showed that the loci Xuqtem73, Xuqtem88 and Xuqtem110 were the most informative, featuring 7, 10 and 8 alleles, respectively, a percentage of cultivars with polymorphic alleles of 85, 57 and 100% and identical PIC of 0.91. Based on Xuqtem110 locus analysis, the seven cultivars were grouped in two clusters. Chinês Regional Incaper cultivar was originated from Chinês cultivar which originated the São Bento cultivar, corroborating previous results. Macaquinho and Chinês cultivars were shown to be the primitive ones originating the allelic collections found in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Espirito Santo.<br>O taro (Colocasia esculenta) é uma hortaliça da família Araceae cujo rizoma é o décimo quarto alimento vegetal mais consumido no mundo. Caracterizado como uma hortaliça não convencional, o taro é cultivado no Brasil como uma cultura de subsistência, mas nos últimos anos começou a ser cultivado comercialmente, sobretudo nos estados de Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. Para evitar a perda da diversidade genética das variedades locais tradicionalmente cultivadas no Brasil é necessária a manutenção das cultivares em bancos de germoplasma. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar geneticamente as cultivares do taro provenientes do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Espirito Santo (Incaper). Foi extraído o DNA dos tecidos desidratados das amostras de taro e a diversidade genética de sete cultivares foi investigada por PCR utilizando sete pares de iniciadores que detectam polimorfismos do tipo SSR (simple sequence repeats), em sete loci (Xuqtem55, Xuqtem73, Xuqtem84, Xuqtem88, Xuqtem91, Xuqtem97 e Xuqtem110). A diversidade genética das cultivares, com base nos alelos destes microssatélites foi avaliada com o software GelCompar II. Os loci Xuqtem73, Xuqtem88 e Xuqtem110 foram os mais informativos, apresentando 7, 10 e 8 alelos, respectivamente, com 85, 57 e 100% de cultivares com alelos polimórficos e PIC idênticos de 0,91. A análise do polimorfismo do locus Xuqtem110 permitiu o agrupamento das 7 cultivares em dois clusters com características fenotípicas semelhante e permitiu afimar que o clone Chinês originou o clone Chinês Regional Incaper, que por sua vez deu origem à variedade São Bento, corroborando dados da literatura. As cultivares Macaquinho e Chinês podem ser consideradas enraizadoras dos loci analisados, indicando que estas cultivares podem ter originado as cultivares das regiões dos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e do Espirito Santo