Substantiation of optical criterions of thermal-oxidative stability of lubricating

Research results of criteria of thermal-oxidative stability determined by different combinations of coefficient of absorption of light quantity and optical density with coefficient of evaporation and kinematic viscosity of oxygenated oil are presented. It is shown that the amount of optical density and the coefficient of evaporation divided by coefficient of relative viscosity are the most effective criteria of thermal-oxidative stability of lubricating oils described by second order polynomial with a high correlation coefficient. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Application of chitosan-based wound coatings ‘ChitoPran’ in the treatment of patients with burn trauma

Introduction. The analysis of clinical experience for using biodegradable wound coating based on «HitoPran» chitosan in treatment of patients with burn trauma is presented.Background. Our work included an analysis of clinical experience for using a biodegradable wound coating based on «HitoPran» chitosan for surgical treatment in patients with local and common thermal burns.Material and Methods. A treatment analysis was conducted in 46 male and female patients, aged from 1 to 63 years with thermal burns on an area of 5 to 56% of the body surface. All injured were given surgical treatment in the complex with the use of low-temperature air plasma of arc discharge with atmospheric pressure in the conditions of our burn center in 2017–2018. Depending on the area and depth of the lesion, the patients were divided into two clinical groups: with local burns of II degree and area to 5% of the body surface and common burns of II and III degree and body surface 10% and more. In the course of early surgical treatment in patients with local border burns, the use of the wound coating «HitoPran» allows to achieve spontaneous epithelialization of wounds in dry environment after dermabrasion or escharotomy within the surface layers of dermis due to chitosan adhesion to the wound bottom, to reduce the number of dressings in the postoperative period. Covering skin grafts with perforation index 1:4 and 1:6 with wound «ChitoPran» coating in case of autodermoplasty in deep burn wounds provides satisfactory cellular epithelialization, reduces risk of regression of grafts, reduces consumption of wound coating and dressing material.Conclusion. Application of Russian modern biodegradable coatings based on «HitoPran» chitosan in complex treatment in patients with local and common burns with different depth allows to optimize local treatment of burn injuries, as well as to reduce the cost of used dressing material in comparison with foreign alternatives

Опыт успешного закрытия обширного раневого дефекта подошвенной поверхности стопы у пациентки с сахарным диабетом первого типа путем комбинированного применения биопластических материалов

A clinical case of successful surgical treatment of extensive purulent-necrotic lesion of the foot and lower leg in a comorbid patient is described in the article. The lesion had a neuroischemic form of the diabetic foot syndrome. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of modern techniques for closing extensive soft tissue defects by the combined use of acellular dermal matrices based on collagen and chitosan in the treatment of complex postoperative wounds.В статье приведено клиническое наблюдение успешного хирургического лечения коморбидной пациентки с обширным гнойно-некротическим поражением стопы и голени при нейроишемической форме синдрома диабетической стопы. Продемонстрированы возможности современных способов закрытия обширных дефектов мягких тканей путем комбинированного применения ацеллюлярных дермальных матриксов на основе коллагена и хитозана в лечении послеоперационных ран сложной конфигурации

Системы для контролируемого высвобождения и адресной доставки факторов роста в лечении хронических ран

Growth factors (GFs) are endogenous signaling proteins, that regulate cell migration, proliferation and differentiation in tissue regeneration. GFs’ concentrations in chronic wounds are pathologically reduced. This leads to a disruption of the healing process and makes chronic wounds treatment more complicated. There are drugs currently used in clinical practice, that contain GFs in a free form. However, their efficiency for chronic wounds treatment is limited, as GFs are quickly degraded in a proteolytic environment of chronic wounds. In order to overcome this limitation biocompatible molecular systems for targeted delivery and controlled release are proposed, such as: micro- and nanoparticles, hydrogels, scaffolds. GFs roles in the healing process, chronic wounds pathophysiology and molecular systems for GFs targeted delivery and controlled release are reviewed.Факторы роста (ФР) – это эндогенные сигнальные белки, которые регулируют миграцию, пролиферацию и дифференцировку клеток в процессах репарации тканей. Концентрация этих белков в хронических ранах патологически снижена, что приводит к нарушению нормального течения раневого процесса и существенно затрудняет их лечение. В клинической практике используются препараты, содержащие рекомбинантные ФР в свободной форме. Однако их эффективность для лечения хронических ран ограничена, так как в протеолитической среде таких ран ФР подвергаются быстрой деградации. Для преодоления этого недостатка предложены системы для адресной доставки и контролируемого высвобождения на основе биосовместимых материалов: микро- и наночастицы, гидрогели, биопластические материалы. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены роли ФР в раневом процессе, особенности патофизиологии хронических ран и системы для контролируемого высвобождения и адресной доставки ФР

Web-microscopy of crystalline forms

The use of Web-microscopy to determine the morphological forms of minerals is discussed. Like other branches of technology, the development of computer crystallography and the recognition of geological minerals are relevant. The perspective direction: express diagnostics by means of electronic gadgets. Web cameras have become publicly available image recording tools. Focusing of the rays on the sensor requires the use of a lens with a short focal length. The lens arrangement is optimized as close as possible to the recording matrix. In this way, high-resolution photographs are obtained for the optical region of the spectrum. The digital form of presentation of graphics creates conditions for the use of software for pattern recognition. A variety of forms based on a single mineral can be classified using deep training techniques

Combined System for Degassing Working Fluid and Pump Charging

The article reveals the principle of operation of a combined system for degassing working fluid and pump charging by means of a hydraulic accumulator for hydraulic systems with working bodies in the form of hydraulic cylinders. It is concluded that the working fluid can be degassed without affecting pump operation. Due to the absence of a mechanical drive and throttling, the system allows more efficient use of drive energy

Internal combustion engine as electrical machine

The features of the development of power units of power machines are considered. Competition, imposed by the construction of electric vehicles, requires a review of the physical processes occurring in the internal combustion engine (ICE). The combustion gases are a plasma. An important act is the emission of free electrons. It is proposed to consider ICE as an electric machine. The modernization of the structural elements of the combustion chamber is being discussed. They must become sources of free electrons. Thermodynamic processes are considered to be electrodynamic. The goal is the formation of increased concentrations of free electrons. It is proposed to place electron emission catalysts on the inner surfaces of the combustion chamber. Vibrations of the internal elements of the combustion chamber are considered as a source of triboelectricity

Control of indexes of thermal-oxidative stability of mineral engine oil in severe service conditions

The power units of quarry machinery use hydraulic fluids having various bases. That increases the temperature range of the use of this equipment. The cornerstone affecting oil life is the boundary layer temperature on the friction surface while in operation. The catalysts of combustion are oxygen, destruction, and chemical reaction if the oil comes in contact with the metal

Concept of modernization of input device of oil and gas separator

The process of defoaming in oil production is discussed. This technology is important in oil and gas fields. Today, the technology of separating the gas fraction is based on chemical catalysis. The use of mechanical technologies improves the economics of the process. Modernization of the separator input device is based on the use of long thin tubes. The chosen length of the tubes is two orders of magnitude larger than the diameter. The separation problem is solved by creating a high centrifugal acceleration. The tubes of the input device are connected in parallel and divide the input stream into several arms. The separated fluid flows are directed tangentially into the working tubes to create a vortex motion. The number of tubes connected in parallel is calculated in accordance with the flow rate of the fluid. The connection of the working tubes to the supply line is made in the form of a flange. This connection allows carrying out maintenance without stopping the flow of fluid. An important feature of this device is its high potential for further modernization. It is concerned with the determination of the parameters of the tubes and the connection geometry in the construction of a single product