An Overview of Various Additive Manufacturing Technologies and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Applications

© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have many advantages, such as design flexibility, minimal waste, manufacturing of very complex structures, cheaper production, and rapid prototyping. This technology is widely used in many fields, including health, energy, art, design, aircraft, and automotive sectors. In the manufacturing process of 3D printed products, it is possible to produce different objects with distinctive filament and powder materials using various production technologies. AM covers several 3D printing techniques such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), inkjet printing, selective laser melting (SLM), and stereolithography (SLA). The present review provides an extensive overview of the recent progress in 3D printing methods for electrochemical fields. A detailed review of polymeric and metallic 3D printing materials and their corresponding printing methods for electrodes is also presented. Finally, this paper comprehensively discusses the main benefits and the drawbacks of electrode production from AM methods for energy conversion systems

Effects of tank heating on hydrogen release from metal hydride system in VoltaFCEV Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

© 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCMetal hydride (MH) storage is known as a safe storage method because it does not require complex processes like high pressure or very low temperature. However, it is necessary to use a heat exchanger due to the endothermic and exothermic reactions occurring during the charging and discharging processes of the MH tanks. The performance of the MH is adversely affected by the lack of a heat exchanger or a suitable temperature range and it causes non-stable hydrogen supply to the fuel cell systems. In this study, effect of the tank surface temperature on hydrogen flow and hydrogen consumption performance were investigated for the MH hydrogen storage system of a hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). Different temperature values were arranged using an external heat circulator device and a heat exchanger inside the MH tank. The fuel cell (FC) was operated at three different power levels (200 W, 400 W, and 600 W) and its performance was determined depending on the temperature and discharge flow rate of the MH tank. When the heat exchanger temperature (HET) was set to 40 °C, the discharge performance of the MH tank increased compared to lower temperatures. For example, when the FC power was set to 200 W and the HET of the system was at 40 °C, 1600 L hydrogen was supplied to the FC and 2000 Wh electrical energy was obtained. The results show that the amount of hydrogen supplied from the MH tank decreases significantly by increasing the flow rate in the system and rapid temperature changes occur in the MH tank