11 research outputs found
A mathematical formulation of the joint economic and emission dispatch problem of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgrid
Abstract: Operational planning of prosumer microgrids with solar and wind energy sources is quite a complex task considering the intermittency of these sources and energy import/export from prosumers. Reserve capacities which can be reliably provided by dispatchable sources like conventional generators (CGs) may be needed to ensure reliability of the grid. However, these sources produce emissions which have adverse effects on the environment. Hence, emission curtailment should be incorporated in the operational planning of microgrids with these generators. In this paper, a mathematical formulation for the joint economic and emission dispatch of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgrid is presented and solved using the CPLEX Solver in Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling System (AIMMS). A modified microgrid test system is used as a case study in this work. Results show that incorporating an emission function in the objective of the operational dispatch formulation not only reduces emissions, but could be of advantage to customers as larger capacities of their behind-theâmeter resources get the chance to provide grid ancillary services; however, it also puts a restriction on the profit that could be made from selling energy to the main grid during periods when energy prices are high
A robust energy and reserve dispatch model for prosumer microgrids incorporating demand response aggregators
Abstract: The uncertainty introduced by intermittent renewable energy generation and prosumer energy imports makes operational planning of renewable energyâassisted prosumer microgrids challenging. This is due to the difficulty in obtaining accurate forecasts of energy expected from these renewable energy sources and prosumers. Operators of such microgrids therefore require additional gridâbalancing tools to maintain power supply and demand balance during grid operation. In this paper, the impact of demand response aggregators (DRAâs) in a prosumer microgrid is investigated. This is achieved by developing and solving a deterministic mathematical formulation for the operational planning of the grid. Also, taking a cue from CAISOâs proposed tariff revision which allows the stateâofâcharge of nonâgenerator resources (like storage units) to be submitted as a bid parameter in the dayâahead market and permits scheduling coordinators of these resources to selfâmanage their energy limits and stateâofâcharge, the proposed formulation permits prosumers to submit battery energy content as a bid parameter and selfâmanage their battery energy limits. Furthermore, a robust counterpart of the model is developed. Both formulations are constrained mixed integer optimization problems which are solved using the CPLEX solver in Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling System (AIMMS) environment. Results obtained from tests carried out on a hypothetical prosumer microgrid show that the operating cost of the microgrid reduces in the presence of DRAâs. In addition, the storage facility owner may benefit from selfâmanaging its energy limits, but this may cut the amount of gridâbalancing resource available to the microgrid operator, thereby increasing the operating cost of the microgrid
Robust energy management models for renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgrids
Abstract :D.Phil. (Engineering Management
Blockchain-Based Auctioning for Energy Storage Sharing in a Smart Community
The increasing prevalence of renewable energy resources introduces a high variability that complicates the task of energy management in modern power grids. Among other technologies, batteries have proven effective in managing power imbalances in such grids. However, the high cost of large-scale batteries, coupled with their enormous space requirements, could deter their adoption by large consumers such as shared facility controllers. The aggregation of residential energy storage units offers shared facility controllers (SFCs) an alternative way to leverage storage; however, a secure scheme that promotes fairness and transparency in the selection and compensation of shared storage unit owners is needed. To this end, an Ethereum smart contract that makes residential storage capacities available to SFCs via a double auction mechanism is proposed. The contract is written with solidity and deployed in the browser-based Remix-integrated development environment. Scenario tests prove the effectiveness of the smart contract in selecting and compensating the owners of shared storage capacities, according to predefined auction rules
Blockchain-Based Auctioning for Energy Storage Sharing in a Smart Community
The increasing prevalence of renewable energy resources introduces a high variability that complicates the task of energy management in modern power grids. Among other technologies, batteries have proven effective in managing power imbalances in such grids. However, the high cost of large-scale batteries, coupled with their enormous space requirements, could deter their adoption by large consumers such as shared facility controllers. The aggregation of residential energy storage units offers shared facility controllers (SFCs) an alternative way to leverage storage; however, a secure scheme that promotes fairness and transparency in the selection and compensation of shared storage unit owners is needed. To this end, an Ethereum smart contract that makes residential storage capacities available to SFCs via a double auction mechanism is proposed. The contract is written with solidity and deployed in the browser-based Remix-integrated development environment. Scenario tests prove the effectiveness of the smart contract in selecting and compensating the owners of shared storage capacities, according to predefined auction rules
A robust optimization model for prosumer microgrids considering uncertainties in prosumer generation
Abstract : Recent times have seen the emergence of prosumers with undispatchable renewable onsite generators, which can complicate operational planning of grids. The complication can be exacerbated when prosumers have the leeway to export excess generation to the grid, which may necessitate the development of a new paradigm for the operational planning of prosumer grids. In this paper, a computationally tractable robust microgrid operational dispatch model which uses diesel generators, a battery and interruptible loads to handle uncertainty in prosumer generation is proposed. Using the modified version of a microgrid in Guangdong Province, China, the CPLEX solver in the Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling System environment is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed robust model yields a higher objective function value than its deterministic counterpart; however, it guarantees system reliability under any realization of prosumer generation within specified bounds, which the deterministic model cannot guarantee. Further analysis shows that the optimal objective function value increases with the uncertainty level of prosumer generation
Towards Blockchain-Based Energy Trading: A Smart Contract Implementation of Energy Double Auction and Spinning Reserve Trading
The decentralization of power generation driven by the rise in the adoption of distributed energy resources paves the way for a new paradigm in grid operations. P2P energy trading is beneficial to the grid as well as the connected peers. A blockchain-based smart contract is well suited to transparently facilitate trades between energy consumers and producers without the services of intermediaries. In this paper, Ethereum-based smart contracts that facilitate double energy auction and spinning reserve trading are developed with Solidity, compiled, and deployed within the Remix IDE. Willing energy sellers/buyers submit offers/bids to a contract that implements the double auction procedure. In order to fulfil energy supply obligations, sellers are also able to purchase spinning reserves via another smart contract. The smart contracts’ effectiveness in performing the auction procedure and making payments is confirmed using an energy/reserve market scenario. The proposed scheme encourages further adoption of distributed energy resources and participation in local P2P energy trading
Towards Blockchain-Based Energy Trading: A Smart Contract Implementation of Energy Double Auction and Spinning Reserve Trading
The decentralization of power generation driven by the rise in the adoption of distributed energy resources paves the way for a new paradigm in grid operations. P2P energy trading is beneficial to the grid as well as the connected peers. A blockchain-based smart contract is well suited to transparently facilitate trades between energy consumers and producers without the services of intermediaries. In this paper, Ethereum-based smart contracts that facilitate double energy auction and spinning reserve trading are developed with Solidity, compiled, and deployed within the Remix IDE. Willing energy sellers/buyers submit offers/bids to a contract that implements the double auction procedure. In order to fulfil energy supply obligations, sellers are also able to purchase spinning reserves via another smart contract. The smart contractsâ effectiveness in performing the auction procedure and making payments is confirmed using an energy/reserve market scenario. The proposed scheme encourages further adoption of distributed energy resources and participation in local P2P energy trading
Students Perception about the Use of Jupyter Notebook in Power Systems Education
The purpose of this study was to examine studentsâ computer attitudes and experience, as well as studentsâ perceptions about the use of Jupyter notebook in the Electrical Engineering context, specifically in teaching Power Systems. Forty-five power systems students in the department of Electrical Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg took part in this study. Results suggest that students hold favorable computer attitudes and perception about the use of the Jupyter notebook in power systems education. Furthermore, the feedback from respondents can help software developers make informed decision about aspects of the application to improve
Blockchain-Based Gas Auctioning Coupled with a Novel Economic Dispatch Formulation for Gas-Deficient Thermal Plants
Inadequate gas supply is partly responsible for the energy shortfall experienced in some energy-poor nations. Favorable market conditions would boost investment in the gas supply sector; hence, we propose a blockchain-based fair, transparent, and secure gas trading scheme that facilitates peer-to-peer trading of gas. The scheme is developed using an Ethereum-based smart contract that receives offers from gas suppliers and bid(s) from the thermal plant operator. Giving priority to the cheapest offers, the smart contract determines the winning suppliers. This paper also proposes an economic dispatch model for gas-deficient plants. Conventional economic dispatch seeks to satisfy electric load demand whilst minimizing the total gas cost of generating units. Implicit in its formulation is the assumption that gas supply to generating units is sufficient to satisfy available demand. In energy poor nations, this is hardly the case as there is often inadequate gas supply and conventional economic dispatch is of little practical value. The proposed economic dispatch modelâs objective function maximizes the quantity of available gas and determines the optimal power output of each generating unit. The mathematical formulation is verified using data from the Egbin thermal station which is the largest thermal station in Nigeria and is solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Obtained results indicate the viability of the novel approach as it results in a net power gain of 35 MW. On the other hand, the smart contract proved effective in accurately selecting winning suppliers and making payment