Recent Advances on IoT-Assisted Wearable Sensor Systems for Healthcare Monitoring

IoT has played an essential role in many industries over the last few decades. Recent advancements in the healthcare industry have made it possible to make healthcare accessible to more people and improve their overall health. The next step in healthcare is to integrate it with IoT-assisted wearable sensor systems seamlessly. This review rigorously discusses the various IoT architectures, different methods of data processing, transfer, and computing paradigms. It compiles various communication technologies and the devices commonly used in IoT-assisted wearable sensor systems and deals with its various applications in healthcare and their advantages to the world. A comparative analysis of all the wearable technology in healthcare is also discussed with tabulation of various research and technology. This review also analyses all the problems commonly faced in IoT-assisted wearable sensor systems and the specific issues that need to be tackled to optimize these systems in healthcare and describes the various future implementations that can be made to the architecture and the technology to improve the healthcare industry

Leveraging Computational Intelligence Techniques for Defensive Deception: A Review, Recent Advances, Open Problems and Future Directions

With information systems worldwide being attacked daily, analogies from traditional warfare are apt, and deception tactics have historically proven effective as both a strategy and a technique for Defense. Defensive Deception includes thinking like an attacker and determining the best strategy to counter common attack strategies. Defensive Deception tactics are beneficial at introducing uncertainty for adversaries, increasing their learning costs, and, as a result, lowering the likelihood of successful attacks. In cybersecurity, honeypots and honeytokens and camouflaging and moving target defense commonly employ Defensive Deception tactics. For a variety of purposes, deceptive and anti-deceptive technologies have been created. However, there is a critical need for a broad, comprehensive and quantitative framework that can help us deploy advanced deception technologies. Computational intelligence provides an appropriate set of tools for creating advanced deception frameworks. Computational intelligence comprises two significant families of artificial intelligence technologies: deep learning and machine learning. These strategies can be used in various situations in Defensive Deception technologies. This survey focuses on Defensive Deception tactics deployed using the help of deep learning and machine learning algorithms. Prior work has yielded insights, lessons, and limitations presented in this study. It culminates with a discussion about future directions, which helps address the important gaps in present Defensive Deception research

Chitosan Superabsorbent Biopolymers in Sanitary and Hygiene Applications

The consumption of diapers and sanitary products has constantly been rising. Several problems are associated with using chemical-based sanitary products, which are difficult to degrade easily and cause nappy rash and bacterial infections in babies. Therefore, there is an increasing shift towards natural-based sanitary products because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. Several studies are being carried out in which researchers have incorporated natural polymers, such as cellulose, starch, alginate, and xantham gum for producing superabsorbent materials. Chitosan (CS) is one such natural polymer that exhibits anti-microbial activity because of the functional groups present in its structure. Moreover, it is also easily available, biodegradable, and non-toxic. This review mainly focuses on CS’s properties and several approaches to synthesizing natural polymer-based superabsorbent products, such as sanitary pads and diapers. It also briefly discusses the diversified applications of CS as a biopolymer in the cosmetic, medical, food, and textile industries. In addition, this study implies using CS as a superabsorbent biopolymer in the manufacturing and producing sanitary products for women and children. Due to the excellent water retention capacity, swelling ability, and anti-microbial activity exhibited by CS can be considered a potential candidate for producing superabsorbent biopolymers

A review on metal additive manufacturing for intricately shaped aerospace components

Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the fastest-growing industrial techniques, bringing many innovative solutions to different manufacturing problems. In AM, a sliced image of the 3D model is layered together to make a 3D object. The main reason for the exponential growth of AM is its numerous advantages over conventional methods, such as high-cost efficiency, less material wastage, a very high degree of freedom, and lesser material constraints. One of the biggest contributors to this growth is the aerospace industry. It is due to the ease of making complex structures and alloys with a very high strength-to-weight ratio (S:W). The authors have comprehensively reviewed the use of AM in the aerospace industry in this review. This review mainly focuses on the metal AM of complex components used in the Aerospace industry. The other topics in this review are an in-depth study of the different AM techniques, a classification of different AM processes, a comparison between conventional and AM techniques, an advantage of AM techniques, and the future scope of AM techniques. The material characterization and microstructure of the components and the different process parameters concerning the cost and irrespective of cost are also briefly discussed

Fractography analysis into low-C steel undergone through various destructive mechanical tests

The present work deals with a critical fractographic analysis into low carbon (0.18%-C) steel samples which were used for three different mechanical tests: tensile test; shear test; and toughness test. These mechanical tests were performed in standard sized specimens as recommended by ASTM. In each category of test, there were two different specimens with different physical states according to heat treated conditions. First specimen was in ‘as received’ condition and another was annealed. For annealing, sample was first heated up to austenitic temperature and inserted inside the sand for slow rate of cooling. As these two categories of samples were undergone through destructive tests, the variation in fracture behaviour of the samples was analysed by FESEM, XRD. A significant variation in fractographic images could be observed in different heat-treated samples. Micro-pores, dimples, cleavage facet, peaks, valleys, and cave formation were observed in the samples

Comparative property analysis of fused filament fabrication PLA using fresh and recycled feedstocks

Manufacturing industries generate much waste, which can be converted into raw materials for other allied industries. Thermoplastic wastes can be recycled in many cases. Recently these recycled plastics have been used to manufacture the input filament necessary for material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM). Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most common and potentially useful engineering plastics that can be additively manufactured, but the effect of recycling on the effective properties is still not well known. In this study, the mechanical properties of MEAM-processed PLA were compared for virgin and recycled feedstock. The collected data were analyzed using a full-factorial design of experiments method, providing insight into the effects of layer thickness and infill density on the performance of the material before and after recycling. The results showed a notable degradation in properties after recycling, but this effect was moderated by modifying the studied parameters. This work and its conclusions will serve as a screening study to guide future efforts in this area and promote the wider use of recycled materials in additive manufacturing

AI-driven techniques for controlling the metal melting production: a review, processes, enabling technologies, solutions, and research challenges

Artificial Intelligence has left no stone unturned, and mechanical engineering is one of its biggest consumers. Such technological advancements in metal melting can help in process simplification, hazard reduction, human involvement reduction & lesser process time. Implementing the AI models in the melting technology will ultimately help various industries, i.e., Foundry, Architecture, Jewelry Industry, etc. This review extensively sheds light on Artificial Intelligence models implemented in metal melting processes or the metal melting aspect, alongside explaining additive manufacturing as a competitor to the current melting processes and its advances in metal melting and AI implementations

Analysing strength, hardness and grain-structure of 0.2%-C steel specimens processed through an identical heating period with different continuous transformation rates

The present work deals with improvement of mechanical properties and refining the microstructure of low carbon steel (0.2%-C) after applying heat treatment techniques. For the purpose, five different samples were taken under study. First sample was kept in ‘as received’ condition and other four samples were undergone into heating process in an Induction furnace. The holding temperature of all the four samples were kept common i.e., 850 °C for a fixed period of 2.5 h. Then, these four samples were cooled into four different cooling media i.e., Air, Water, Oil, and Furnace. All the samples were in the form of rods with 195 mm length and 32 mm diameter. The universal testing machine was used to determine the tensile strength of all the samples. Rockwell hardness tester was used to find the hardness of samples. The microstructural variation was analysed through an optical microscope. All the results were analysed and compared with ‘as received’ sample. The Oil cooled sample showed the highest tensile strength of 585 MPa. The microstructural orientation of oil cooled sample i.e., bainite + fine lamella of ferrite and cementite, provides a good hardness, strength, and toughness to the steel. In addition, XRD and fractography analysis of the samples were also carried out

A comprehensive study on physico-mechanical properties of non-metallic fibre reinforced SCC blended with metakaolin and alcofine

This study presents a detailed experimental investigation on the effects incorporating non-metallic fibers in hybrid form in self-compacting concrete (SCC). In this regard SCC was prepared with Alccofine and Metakaolin as partial replacement for cement in 15% and 20% respectively along with the hybrid fibre combinations namely abaca fibres (0.25%, 0.5% & 0.75%), polypropylene fibres (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2%) and glass fibres (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, & 2%). The fresh properties of SCC with and without hybrid fibre combinations were assessed through the standard tests such as slump flow, J ring and V-funnel tests. The conventional mechanical tests such as compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were performed at 7 and 28 days. The experimental results reveal that the fresh properties of SCC were highly influenced by alccofine and Metakaolin adopted in this research. Furthermore, that the hybrid combination of abaca with polypropylene and glass fibres improved the mechanical properties of SCC and in particular the mix with 1% glass fibre and 0.25% Abaca fibre had shown better flexural and tensile strength behaviour. Microstructure analyses were also done to confirm the improvement in mechanical properties. The Scanning Electron Microscope images of the mix with 1% glass fibre and 0.25% abaca fibre showed less voids presence and presence of more hydrated components conveying that the usage of hybrid fibres had restricted the propagation of cracks there by reducing the percentage of voids and the use of metakaolin and alcofine helping in forming hydrated components at earlier stage leading to better strength

Recent progress and growth in biosensors technology: A critical review

Crucial exploitation of biosensors has attained dominant significance in the meadow of drug innovation, drug identification, bio-remedy, food protection principles, security, protection, and ecological examination. It has direct to the innovation of specific and authoritative diagnostic tools that employ biological sensing elements as biosensors. Glucometers employ oxygen or hydrogen peroxide electrochemical recognition utilizing immobilized glucose oxidase electrodes, showing biosensors' invention. Current advances in biological methods and instrumentation relating to fluorescence tags to nano-materials have increased the responsive limit of biosensors. The use of aptamers or nucleotides, antibodies, peptide arrays, and molecule imprinted polymers offer tools to build up novel biosensors over the classical method. Integrated methods offer an improved perception for a buildup of precise and responsive biosensors with high regenerative potentials. Various biosensors ranging from nanomaterials polymers to microbes have more comprehensive potential applications. Combining multifaceted approaches to design biosensors that comprise the prospective for different usage is reasonably significant. In light of this, this review provides an overview of different types of biosensors being used, ranging from electrochemical and fluorescence tagged, nanomaterials, silica or quartz, and microbes for various biomedical and environmental applications with the future outlook of biosensor technology