10 research outputs found
Data Uncertainty Guided Noise-aware Preprocessing Of Fingerprints
The effectiveness of fingerprint-based authentication systems on good quality
fingerprints is established long back. However, the performance of standard
fingerprint matching systems on noisy and poor quality fingerprints is far from
satisfactory. Towards this, we propose a data uncertainty-based framework which
enables the state-of-the-art fingerprint preprocessing models to quantify noise
present in the input image and identify fingerprint regions with background
noise and poor ridge clarity. Quantification of noise helps the model two
folds: firstly, it makes the objective function adaptive to the noise in a
particular input fingerprint and consequently, helps to achieve robust
performance on noisy and distorted fingerprint regions. Secondly, it provides a
noise variance map which indicates noisy pixels in the input fingerprint image.
The predicted noise variance map enables the end-users to understand erroneous
predictions due to noise present in the input image. Extensive experimental
evaluation on 13 publicly available fingerprint databases, across different
architectural choices and two fingerprint processing tasks demonstrate
effectiveness of the proposed framework.Comment: IJCNN 2021 (Accepted
Sensor-invariant Fingerprint ROI Segmentation Using Recurrent Adversarial Learning
A fingerprint region of interest (roi) segmentation algorithm is designed to
separate the foreground fingerprint from the background noise. All the learning
based state-of-the-art fingerprint roi segmentation algorithms proposed in the
literature are benchmarked on scenarios when both training and testing
databases consist of fingerprint images acquired from the same sensors.
However, when testing is conducted on a different sensor, the segmentation
performance obtained is often unsatisfactory. As a result, every time a new
fingerprint sensor is used for testing, the fingerprint roi segmentation model
needs to be re-trained with the fingerprint image acquired from the new sensor
and its corresponding manually marked ROI. Manually marking fingerprint ROI is
expensive because firstly, it is time consuming and more importantly, requires
domain expertise. In order to save the human effort in generating annotations
required by state-of-the-art, we propose a fingerprint roi segmentation model
which aligns the features of fingerprint images derived from the unseen sensor
such that they are similar to the ones obtained from the fingerprints whose
ground truth roi masks are available for training. Specifically, we propose a
recurrent adversarial learning based feature alignment network that helps the
fingerprint roi segmentation model to learn sensor-invariant features.
Consequently, sensor-invariant features learnt by the proposed roi segmentation
model help it to achieve improved segmentation performance on fingerprints
acquired from the new sensor. Experiments on publicly available FVC databases
demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed work.Comment: IJCNN 2021 (Accepted
Comprehensive Bayesian analysis of FRB-like bursts from SGR 1935+2154 observed by CHIME/FRB
The bright millisecond-duration radio burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR
1935+2154 in 2020 April was a landmark event, demonstrating that at least some
fast radio burst (FRB) sources could be magnetars. The two-component burst was
temporally coincident with peaks observed within a contemporaneous short X-ray
burst envelope, marking the first instance where FRB-like bursts were observed
to coincide with X-ray counterparts. In this study, we detail five new radio
burst detections from SGR 1935+2154, observed by the CHIME/FRB instrument
between October 2020 and December 2022. We develop a fast and efficient
Bayesian inference pipeline that incorporates state-of-the-art Markov chain
Monte Carlo techniques and use it to model the intensity data of these bursts
under a flexible burst model. We revisit the 2020 April burst and corroborate
that both the radio sub-components lead the corresponding peaks in their
high-energy counterparts. For a burst observed in 2022 October, we find that
our estimated radio pulse arrival time is contemporaneous with a short X-ray
burst detected by GECAM and HEBS, and Konus-Wind and is consistent with the
arrival time of a radio burst detected by GBT. We present flux and fluence
estimates for all five bursts, employing an improved estimator for bursts
detected in the side-lobes. We also present upper limits on radio emission for
X-ray emission sources which were within CHIME/FRB's field-of-view at trigger
time. Finally, we present our exposure and sensitivity analysis and estimate
the Poisson rate for FRB-like events from SGR 1935+2154 to be
events/day above a fluence of
during the interval from 28 August 2018 to 1 December 2022, although we note
this was measured during a time of great X-ray activity from the source.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. To be submitted to Ap
CHIME/FRB Discovery of 25 Repeating Fast Radio Burst Sources
We present the discovery of 25 new repeating fast radio burst (FRB) sources
found among CHIME/FRB events detected between 2019 September 30 and 2021 May 1.
The sources were found using a new clustering algorithm that looks for multiple
events co-located on the sky having similar dispersion measures (DMs). The new
repeaters have DMs ranging from 220 pc cm to 1700 pc
cm, and include sources having exhibited as few as two bursts to as many
as twelve. We report a statistically significant difference in both the DM and
extragalactic DM (eDM) distributions between repeating and apparently
nonrepeating sources, with repeaters having lower mean DM and eDM, and we
discuss the implications. We find no clear bimodality between the repetition
rates of repeaters and upper limits on repetition from apparently nonrepeating
sources after correcting for sensitivity and exposure effects, although some
active repeating sources stand out as anomalous. We measure the repeater
fraction and find that it tends to an equilibrium of % over
our exposure thus far. We also report on 14 more sources which are promising
repeating FRB candidates and which merit follow-up observations for
confirmation.Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Comments are welcome and follow-up observations are
encouraged
Sensor-invariant Fingerprint ROI Segmentation Using Recurrent Adversarial Learning
International audienceA fingerprint region of interest (roi) segmentation algorithm is designed to separate the foreground fingerprint from the background noise. All the learning based state-ofthe-art fingerprint roi segmentation algorithms proposed in the literature are benchmarked on scenarios when both training and testing databases consist of fingerprint images acquired from the same sensors. However, when testing is conducted on a different sensor, the segmentation performance obtained is often unsatisfactory. As a result, every time a new fingerprint sensor is used for testing, the fingerprint roi segmentation model needs to be retrained with the fingerprint image acquired from the new sensor and its corresponding manually marked ROI. Manually marking fingerprint ROI is expensive because firstly, it is time consuming and more importantly, requires domain expertise. In order to save the human effort in generating annotations required by state-of-the-art, we propose a fingerprint roi segmentation model which aligns the features of fingerprint images derived from the unseen sensor such that they are similar to the ones obtained from the fingerprints whose ground truth roi masks are available for training. Specifically, we propose a recurrent adversarial learning based feature alignment network that helps the fingerprint roi segmentation model to learn sensor-invariant features. Consequently, sensor-invariant features learnt by the proposed roi segmentation model help it to achieve improved segmentation performance on fingerprints acquired from the new sensor. Experiments on publicly available FVC databases demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed work
On Restoration of Degraded Fingerprints
International audienceThe state-of-the-art fingerprint matching systems achieve high accuracy on good quality fingerprints. However, degraded fingerprints obtained due to poor skin conditions of subjects or fingerprints obtained around a crime scene often have noisy background and poor ridge structure. Such degraded fingerprints pose problem for the existing fingerprint recognition systems. This paper presents a fingerprint restoration model for a poor quality fingerprint that reconstructs a binarized fingerprint image with an improved ridge structure. In particular, we demonstrate the effectiveness of channel refinement in fingerprint restoration. The state-of-the-art channel refinement mechanisms, such as Squeeze and Excitation (SE) block, in general, create SEblock introduce redundancy among channel weights and degrade the performance of fingerprint enhancement models. We present a lightweight attention mechanis
Data Uncertainty Guided Noise-aware Preprocessing Of Fingerprints
International audienceThe effectiveness of fingerprint-based authentication systems on good quality fingerprints is established long back. However, the performance of standard fingerprint matching systems on noisy and poor quality fingerprints is far from satisfactory. Towards this, we propose a data uncertainty-based framework which enables the state-of-the-art fingerprint preprocessing models to quantify noise present in the input image and identify fingerprint regions with background noise and poor ridge clarity. Quantification of noise helps the model two folds: firstly, it makes the objective function adaptive to the noise in a particular input fingerprint and consequently, helps to achieve robust performance on noisy and distorted fingerprint regions. Secondly, it provides a noise variance map which indicates noisy pixels in the input fingerprint image. The predicted noise variance map enables the end-users to understand erroneous predictions due to noise present in the input image. Extensive experimental evaluation on 13 publicly available fingerprint databases, across different architectural choices and two fingerprint processing tasks demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed framework
Multidimensional Analysis of Trust in News Articles (Student Abstract)
The advancements in the field of Information Communication Technology have engendered revolutionary changes in the journalism industry, not only on the part of the journalists and the media personnel, but also on the people consuming these news stories, who today, are only a click away from all the updates they need. However, these advances have also exposed the prevailing venality, wearying off the trust of the public in news media. How then, does an individual discern that which, out of the countless news stories for an incident, should be trusted? This work introduces a system that presents the user a multidimensional analysis for trust in news from various media sources based on the textual content of the articles, assessment of the journalists' perspectives and the temporal diversity of the issues being covered by the media houses publishing the news articles. Our experiments on a self-collected dataset confirm that the system aids in a comprehensive analysis of trust
On Estimating Uncertainty of Fingerprint Enhancement Models
International audienceThe state-of-the-art models for fingerprint enhancement are sophisticated deep neural network architectures that eliminate noise from fingerprints by generating fingerprints image with improved ridge-valley clarity. However, these models perform fingerprint enhancement like a black box and do not specify whether a model is expected to generate an erroneously enhanced fingerprint image. Uncertainty estimation is a standard technique to interpret deep models. Generally, uncertainty in a deep model arises because of uncertainty in parameters of the model (termed as model uncertainty) or noise present in the data (termed as data uncertainty). Recent works showcase the usefulness of uncertainty estimation to interpret fingerprint preprocessing models. Motivated by these works, this chapter presents a detailed analysis of the usefulness of estimating model uncertainty and data uncertainty of fingerprint enhancement models. Furthermore, we also study the generalization ability of both these uncertainties on fingerprint ROI segmentation. A detailed analysis of predicted uncertainties presents insights into the characteristics learnt by each of these uncertainties. Extensive experiments on several challenging fingerprint databases demonstrate the significance of estimating the uncertainty of fingerprint enhancement models