Bioactivity Determination Of Cassia Surattensis Seed Extract

Cassia surattensis adalah tumbuhan berbunga yang telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai makanan dan untuk tujuan perubatan di banyak negara. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan profil pencapjarian, aktiviti antioksidan, kesan hepatoprotektif, kesan sitotoksik ke atas sel Vero dan aktiviti genoprotektif menggunakan ujian komet. Keputusan kajian HPTLC menunjukkan biji C. surattensis mempunyai 10 puncak berbeza komponen kimia utama yang berbeza dan kajian logam berat menunjukkan biji tersebut bebas daripada tahap pencemaran logam berat yang tinggi. Ekstrak metanol biji C. surattensis menunjukkan aktiviti pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dan radikal nitrik oksida yang baik dengan kuasa penurunan. Ekstrak biji C. surattensis mempunyai kandungan jumlah fenolik sebanyak 100.99 mg GAE/g berat kering dan terdapat korelasi positif antara kandungan jumlah fenolik dan aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak biji. Rawatan ekstrak biji C. surattensis secara signifikan menurunkan paras enzim hati dan berat relatif hati meningkat dalam hepatotoksisiti hati mencit yang diaruh dengan parasetamol. Cassia surattensis is a flowering plant that has been traditionally used in many countries for food and medicinal use. This study sought to determine the fingerprint profile, antioxidant activities, hepatoprotective effect, cytotoxicity effect on Vero cells and genoprotective activity using the Comet assay. The result of the HPTLC study revealed that the C. surattensis seed has 10 major different chemical component peaks and the heavy metal analysis showed that the seed was safe from high heavy metal contamination. The methanolic seed extract showed good antioxidant activities in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and reducing power. C. surattensis seed extract contained total phenolic content of 100.99 mg GAE/g dry weight and there was a positive correlation between total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the seed extract. C. surattensis seed extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum liver enzymes and relative liver weight in paracetamol-induced liver hepatotoxicity mice

Enhancement of the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxy-based bamboo nanofiber nanocomposites

Epoxy-based nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, and 2% cellulose nanofibers (CNF) through a hand lay-up technique. The influence of the CNF as a reinforcement material on the morphology, and the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, void content, water absorption, tensile, flexural, impact strength, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compatibility between the nano-reinforcement and epoxy matrix was confirmed using SEM, which demonstrated that the CNF was homogeneously dispersed throughout the epoxy matrix. The mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing the CNF loading up to 1%. Moreover, the incorporation of CNF into the composites reduced the water uptake of the substrates in the water absorption test and resulted in a high thermal stability when exposed to a high temperature. Bamboo-CNF could be used as a potential reinforcement material to improve the properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites

Extracted Compounds from Neem Leaves as Antimicrobial Agent on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Seaweed-Based Biopolymer Films

Neem leaves extract was incorporated into the matrix of seaweed biopolymer, and the seaweed-neem biocomposite films were irradiated with various doses of gamma irradiation (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 kGy). The physical, barrier, antimicrobial, and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The incorporation of 5% w/w neem leaves extract into a seaweed-based film, and gamma irradiation dose of 2.5 kGy was most effective for improved properties of the film. The results showed that the interfacial interaction of the seaweed-neem improved with physical changes in colour and opacity. The water solubility, moisture content, and water vapour permeability and biodegradability rate of the film reduced. The contact angle values increased, which was interpreted as improved hydrophobicity. The tensile strength and modulus of the films increased, while the elongation of the composite films decreased compared to the control film. The film’s antimicrobial activities against bacteria were improved. Thus, neem leaves extract in combination with the application of gamma irradiation enhanced the performance properties of the film that has potential as packaging material

Redox Control of Antioxidant and Antihepatotoxic Activities of Cassia surattensis Seed Extract against Paracetamol Intoxication in Mice: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Herbal Green Antioxidant

The therapeutic potential of Cassia surattensis in reducing free radical-induced oxidative stress and inflammation particularly in hepatic diseases was evaluated in this study. The polyphenol rich C. surattensis seed extract showed good in vitro antioxidant. C. surattensis seed extract contained total phenolic content of 100.99 mg GAE/g dry weight and there was a positive correlation (r>0.9) between total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the seed extract. C. surattensis seed extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevated levels of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and relative liver weight in paracetamol-induced liver hepatotoxicity in mice. Moreover, the extract significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione (GSH) contents in the liver tissues, which led to decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The histopathological examination showed the liver protective effect of C. surattensis seed extract against paracetamol-induced histoarchitectural alterations by maximum recovery in the histoarchitecture of the liver tissue. Furthermore, histopathological observations correspondingly supported the biochemical assay outcome, that is, the significant reduction in elevated levels of serum liver enzymes. In conclusion, C. surattensis seed extract enhanced the in vivo antioxidant status and showed antihepatotoxic activities, which is probably due to the presence of phenolic compounds

Genoprotection and cytotoxicity of cassia surattensis seed extract on vero cell evaluated by comet and cytotoxicity assays

Cassia (C.) surattensis Burm. f. (Leguminosae) is a flowering plant that has been traditionally used in many countries for food and medicinal purposes. The present study was conducted to determine in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-genotoxic activity of the seed extract of C. surattensis. The cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic activities were evaluated against Vero cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and comet assays. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrated that seed extract of C. surattensis was non-cytotoxic against the Vero cells. The 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value from MTT cytotoxicity assay was 332.87 µg/ml. The seed extract of C. surattensis exhibited strong inhibitory effects against H2O2-mediated DNA damage in Vero cells as observed in Comet assay. The presence of antioxidant activity in the seed extract was associated with the antigenotoxic property of C. surattensis. In summary, the present study demonstrated an efficient antigenotoxic property of C. surattensis, which is significant for future investigation for human applications

A Review on Micro- to Nanocellulose Biopolymer Scaffold Forming for Tissue Engineering Applications

Biopolymers have been used as a replacement material for synthetic polymers in scaffold forming due to its biocompatibility and nontoxic properties. Production of scaffold for tissue repair is a major part of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering techniques for scaffold forming with cellulose-based material is at the forefront of present-day research. Micro- and nanocellulose-based materials are at the forefront of scientific development in the areas of biomedical engineering. Cellulose in scaffold forming has attracted a lot of attention because of its availability and toxicity properties. The discovery of nanocellulose has further improved the usability of cellulose as a reinforcement in biopolymers intended for scaffold fabrication. Its unique physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties offer some important advantages over synthetic polymer materials. This review presents a critical overview of micro- and nanoscale cellulose-based materials used for scaffold preparation. It also analyses the relationship between the method of fabrication and properties of the fabricated scaffold. The review concludes with future potential research on cellulose micro- and nano-based scaffolds. The review provides an up-to-date summary of the status and future prospective applications of micro- and nanocellulose-based scaffolds for tissue engineering