Yield Gap in Cayenne Pepper Production in South Kalimantan

Swampy land is potential land for the development of cayenne pepper. However, there is a yield gap between swamp and dry land plants. The gap in the yield of cayenne pepper plants between dry and dry land is caused by the acidity of the soil in the swamp land which results in low cayenne pepper productio

RANCANG BANGUN HEAT EXCHANGER SHELL AND TUBE SINGLE PHASE ( DESIGN OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER SINGLE PHASE )

Heat Exchanger adalah alat penukar kalor yang berfungsi untuk mengubah temperatur dan fasa suatu jenis fluida. Proses tersebut terjadi dengan memanfaatkan proses perpindahan kalor dari fluida bersuhu tinggi menuju fluida bersuhu rendah. Di dalam dunia industri peran dari heat exchanger sangat penting. Hal ini memotivasi penulis untuk mengangkat judul ini menjadi karya ilmiah. Tujuan dari penulisan adalah mampu merancang shell and tube heat exchanger single phase, mengetahui mekanisme kerja dan mampu menganalisa performa heat exchanger dengan variabel laju alir fluida. Dalam suatu shell and tube heat exchanger terdapat tiga tahap perpindahan panas, yaitu konveksi sisi shell, konduksi pada dinding tube dan konveksi sisi tube. Metodologi yang diterapkan memiliki empat poin utama yaitu perancangan konsrtuksi heat exchanger, fabrikasi konstruksi, pengambilan data uji dan analisa performa. Berdasarkan uji performa yang mengacu pada metode Bell Delaware, Heat exchanger memiliki nilai kalor yang dipindahkan 3302 – 3931 W, kalor perubahan energi 1327 – 3419 W, koefisien perpindahan kalor 114.14 W/m2K dan effectiveness 0.27 – 0.51. Kalor yang dipindahkan terhadap kalor sisi tube, terjadi perbedaan cukup signifikan, hal ini menunjukan bahwa penyerapan kalor tidak optimal. Nilai kalor perubahan energi yang besar menunjukan bahwa banyak terjadi kerugian kalor. Effectiveness heat exchanger cukup tinggi, melebihi effectiveness teoritis. Heat Exchanger is a kind of tools which serves to change the temperature and phase of one type of fluid. The exchange process occurs by a process utilizing heat transfer of fluids at high temperature to low temperature fluid. In the industrial world the role of the heat exchangeris very important. This motivates the writer to lift this to title becomes scientific work. The purpose of writing is being able to design a shell and tube heat exchanger single phase, knowing the mechanism of action and is able to analyze the performance of heat exchangers with the variable is fluid flow rates. In a shell and tube heat exchanger heat transfer there are three stages, namely the shell side is convection, the tube wall side is conduction and convection in side of the tube. The methodology applied has four main points heat exchanger design, fabrication construction, data retrieval and analysis of heat exchange performance. Based on test performance refers to the Bell Delaware method, Heat exchanger has heat transfer 3302 – 3931 W, the heat energy change price is 1327 – 3419 W, 114.14 W/m2K in heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness is 0.27 - 0.5.Heat is transferred to heat the tube, there was a significant difference, indicating that the absorption of heat is not optimal. The heat energy changes whose big scale, indicate that a lot of heat loss has been occur. Heat exchanger effectiveness is quite high, exceeding the theoretical effectiveness