Dijital Teknolojiler Aracılığıyla Kültürel Mirasa Erişim: Akdamar Kilisesi’nin Etkileşimli 3B Modeli

Kültürel mirasın korunması, yaşatılması, gelecek nesillere aktarılması ve hasar görmüş kültür varlıklarının dijital olarak belgelenmesi ulusal ve uluslararası toplumların öncelikli konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Son yıllarda 3 boyutlu (3B) modelleme, artırılmış gerçeklik (AG) ve web teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler kültürel mirasın dijital olarak korunmasına, görselleştirilmesine ve erişimine önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Çalışmada Akdamar Kilisesi için sanal, etkileşimli ve sürdürülebilir bir deneyim oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 3B dijital modellere dayalı mobil AG ve web tabanlı sunum uygulamaları için bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, 3B modelleme, AG ve web tabanlı görselleştirme teknolojilerinin kültürel mirasın dijital erişimine ve dolayısıyla sürdürebilirliğine önemli katkılar sağladığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca 3B dijital görselleştirme teknolojilerinin kültürel miras ortamlarında keyifli, eğlenceli ve zenginleştirilmiş turizm deneyimleri oluşturmak için daha çok fırsat sunduğu görülmüştür

Chitosan and blueberry treatment induces arginase activity and inhibits nitric oxide production during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

Background: Liver diseases have become a major problem of the worldwide. More than 50% of all cases of liver failure can be attributed to drugs. Among these, acetaminophen is the most common cause. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the the hepatoprotective effects of blueberry and chitosan on tissue arginase activity, ornithine and nitric oxide levels during the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Acetaminophen (250 mg/kg body weight per day), blueberry (60 mg/kg body weight per day) and, chitosan (200 mg/kg body weight per day) were administered to the rats by oral gavage during the experimental period. Results: Blueberry and chitosan significantly decreased liver arginase activity and ornithine levelsand and increased nitric oxide levels. Glutathione levels were remarkably increased by chitosan and blueberry treatments. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that blueberry and chitosan effectively protected against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect afforded by blueberry and chitosan can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

On crossed modules in modified categories of interest

We introduce some algebraic structures such as singularity, commutators and central extension in modified categories of interest. Additionally, we introduce the cat^{1} -objects and internal categories with their connection to crossed modules in these categories, which gives rise to unification of many notions about (pre)crossed modules in various algebras of categories

A High Frequency Dualband Microstrip Bandpass Filter

This paper is a representation of compact microstrip bandpass filter. In this design, two ports are located at the bottom. The basic geometry of this design consists of small thin metal lines that connect the main parts of the design. It operates at 6GHz with S11 of -11,9643dB, S12 of -1.05358. When frequency is 11GHz with S11 of -16,6695dB and S12 at -2,0354dB. Overall features of the design are given in the tables. All of the simulations are done in Sonnet. This design offers a reduction in the size of up to 57% compared to the conventional design. Overall this design offers unique reduction in size as well as good operational capacity

An inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna with multiple slits for sub 6GHz – 5G applications

This paper presents an inset feed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Multiple slits for sub 6 GHz - 5G Applications. This antenna is proposed with the development, design, running simulations and finally a conclusion of the analysis. The antenna in this paper is implemented using a technique called “inset-feed” and multiple slits. The dielectric used as a substrate is FR-4. The proposed antenna is useful for a sub 6 GHz 5G band, which comes under the 5G band of frequency. The proposed and designed antenna gives the input match of -10.74 dB, and 5.99 dB gain at the design frequency of 5.045 GHz. These outputs are usable for the 5G applications. The antenna is simulated and developed in a radio technology design software Sonnet

High Frequency Dualband Microstrip Bandstop Filter

In this paper the task is to make a bandstop filter, we used Sonnet as is most supported in simulating bandpass filter projects. The project was designed to have two ports that are located at the left and the right side of the project. The geometry of the project consists of small thin metal lines that are almost symmetrical in position, with the main part of the design that consists of two horizontal parts connected by two vertical parts creating a ‘L’ shaped design. It operates at 8.5 to 11.7 GHz with a minimum S12 at -37,34 dB and on S11 at almost 0 dB. Overall features of the design are presented in the tables. Complete design and simulation were performed in Sonnet software. This design has benefits over the other designs since it is smaller in size but is performing as other bandpass filters on market

Using mobile augmented reality and web-based visualization technologies for Interactive exploration of cultural heritage: The case of sphinx sculpture

Kültürel mirasın korunması, dijital dokümantasyonu ve sürdürülebilir bir anlayışla gelecek nesillere aktarılması uluslararası toplumların önceliklerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Fotogrametri tekniği kültürel mirasın dijital dokümantasyonunda başarıyla kullanılmıştır. Fotogrametri, dijitalleştirme, 3 boyutlu (3B) modelleme, görselleştirme ve simülasyon alanındaki son gelişmeler, dijital kültürel mirasın daha geniş yelpazede erişilebilirliği için yeni fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Fotogrametri, artırılmış gerçeklik (AG) ve web tabanlı görselleştirmenin kombinasyonu, kültürel mirasın etkileşimli sunumu için büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, fotogrametrik modellere dayalı mobil AG ve web tabanlı görselleştirme uygulamaları için bir iş akışı geliştirerek kültürel miras bağlamında sanal, interaktif ve sürükleyici bir deneyim oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Önerilen iş akışı, Kütahya Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde sergilenen Sfenks Heykeline uygulanmıştır. Fotogrametrik yöntem ile elde edilen 3B model optimize edilerek, AG ve web tabanlı görselleştirme uygulamaları için hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, AG, web tabanlı görselleştirme ve fotogrametri sinerjisinin kültürel mirasın etkileşimli olarak sunumu için büyük bir imkân sağladığını doğrulamıştır. Çalışmada tanımlanan araştırma çizgileri daha kapsayıcı kültürel miras ortamları oluşturmak daha keyifli ve zenginleştirici turizm deneyimi sağlamak amacıyla yeni fırsatlar sunmaktadır.The conservation of cultural heritage, digital documentation and transferring it to future generations with a sustainable understanding has become one of the priorities of international societies. Photogrammetry technique has been successfully used in digital documentation of cultural heritage. Recent developments in photogrammetry, digitalization, 3 dimensional (3D) modeling, visualization and simulation offer new opportunities for wider accessibility of digital cultural heritage. The combination of photogrammetry, augmented reality (AR) and web-based visualization has great potential for interactive presentation of cultural heritage. In this study, it was aimed to create a virtual, interactive and immersive experience in the context of cultural heritage by developing a workflow for mobile AR and web-based visualization applications based on photogrammetric models. The proposed workflow has been applied to the Sphinx Sculpture exhibited in the Kütahya Archeology Museum. The 3D model created by photogrammetric method has been optimized and prepared for AR and web-based visualization applications. The results of the study confirmed that the synergy of AR, web-based visualization and photogrammetry provides a great opportunity for interactive presentation of cultural heritage. The research lines defined in the study offer new opportunities to create more inclusive cultural heritage environments to provide a more enjoyable and enriching tourism experience

Three-dimensional modeling and web-based visualization of cultural heritage using crowdsourced photos: The case of Aphrodisias - Tetrapylon

Günümüzde akıllı telefonların, mobil internetin ve sosyal medyanın yaygın kullanımı ile birlikte turistler, müzeleri ve kültürel miras alanlarını ziyaret ederken çektikleri fotoğrafları çeşitli sosyal medya platformlarında paylaşmaktadır. Kitle kaynaklı bu fotoğraflar, kültürel miras alanındaki çeşitli araştırmalarda önemli bir bileşen haline gelmiştir. Sosyal medya platformları, kültürel mirasın dijital dokümantasyonu için veri kaynağı olarak kullanılabilecek zengin bir fotoğraf koleksiyonu sağlamaktadır. Kültürel mirasın kitle kaynak kullanımı tabanlı dijitalleştirilmesi fotogrametri tekniği ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu çalışmada, Flickr’da paylaşılan fotoğraflara dayalı olarak kültürel mirasın fotogrametrik tekniklerle üç boyutlu (3B) dijital dokümantasyonunu sağlamak ve 3B modeli web tabanlı görselleştirmek için bilimsel bir iş akışı ve yöntem oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen iş akışı, Afrodisias Antik Kenti’ndeki Tetrapylon yapısına uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, sosyal medya platformlarında paylaşılan kitle kaynaklı fotoğrafların, kültürel mirasın 3B dokümantasyonu ve 3B modelin web tabanlı görselleştirilmesi için veri kaynağı olarak uygunluğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca kitle kaynaklı fotogrametik modeller, artırılmış gerçeklik, sanal gerçeklik, karma gerçeklik ve 3B baskı teknolojileri aracılığıyla etkileşimli deneyimlerin sağlanması için yeni fırsatlar sunmaktadır.Today, with the widespread use of smartphones, mobile internet and social media, tourists share photos taken while visiting museums and cultural heritage sites on various social media platforms. These crowdsourced photographs have become an important component in various research in the field of cultural heritage. Social media platforms provide a rich collection of photographs that can be used as a data source for digital documentation of cultural heritage. Crowdsourcing-based digitisation of cultural heritage can be achieved by photogrammetry technique. In this study, a scientific workflow and method was created to provide three-dimensional (3D) digital documentation of cultural heritage using photogrammetric techniques based on photos shared on Flickr and to visualize the 3D model web based. The proposed workflow was applied to the Tetrapylon structure in the ancient City of Afrodisias. The results of the study show the suitability of crowdsourced photos shared on social media platforms as a data source for 3D documentation of cultural heritage and web based visualization of the 3D model. Moreover, crowdsourced photogrametic models offer new opportunities to provide interactive experiences through augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality and 3D printing technologies

A Case of Swyer-James (Macleod’s) Syndrome with Bilateral Involvement

Swyer-James (Macleod’s) syndrome (SJMS) is a rare disorder thought to be a complication of childhood infections. Unilateral hyperlucency, reduced lung volume, diminished vascular markings and bronchiectasis may be detected on radiological analysis. Bilateral involvement is rare. We present a 20-yearl-old man who was diagnosed as having bilateral SJMS by radiological analysis and ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy

Synthesis and solution studies of new quaternary azaphthalocyanines

Tetrapirazinoporfirazinin yaygın olarak kullanılan diğer isimlendirilmesi ‘azaftalosiyanin’dir. Bu çalışmada, periferalde heteroatom olarak S-sübstitüe simetrik metalli ve metalsiz azaftalosiyaninler ve suda çözünür katyonik türevleri sentezlenmiştir. Metalli AzaPc’ler ftalosiyaninler gibi sentezlenen ligandtan doğrudan uygun metal tuzları mevcudiyetinde siklomerizasyonla ya da porfirazinler gibi metalsiz türeve metal girmesiyle kolaylıkla hazırlanabilir. Metalsiz AzaPc’ler dilityum veya magnezyum AzaPc’den zayıf veya kuvvetli asit kullanılarak elde edilebilir. Başlangıç maddesi olarak 5,6-dikloropirazin-2,3-dikarbonitril 1 seçilmiştir ve diaminomaleodinitrilden (DAMN) iki adım reaksiyon ile kolaylıkla hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen 5,6-dikloropirazin-2,3-dikarbonitril 1, pirazin-2,3-dikarbonitril kısmı ve klorür atomlarının güçlü elektron çekme özelliğinden dolayı 5 ve 6 pozisyonundan nükleofillerle kolay sübstitüsyona uğrar. Hedeflenen ligandı sentezlemek için, 1 bileşiği 2-dimetilaminoetantiyol hidroklorür ile oda sıcaklığında muamele edilmiştir. Azaftalosiyanin 3, magnezyum propanolat varlığında yüksek verimde sentezlenen 2 bileşiğinin tipik siklotetramerizasyon reaksiyonu ile hazırlanmıştır. Metalsiz AzaPc 4, magnezyum AzaPc 3’ün trifloroasetik asit ile muamelesiyle hazırlanmıştır. Çinko AzaPc 5’in sentezi, metalsiz AzaPc 4’ün, çinko (II) asetat ile reaksiyonundan elde edilirken, kobalt AzaPc 6 ftalosiyaninlerdeki olduğu gibi 5,6-bis(2-dimetilaminoetilsülfanil)-2,3-disiyanopirazin 2 bileşiğinin direkt kobalt (II) asetat ile reaksiyonundan sentezlenmiştir. Bu azaftalosiyaninler suda çözünür kuaternize ürünlere metil iyodür ile reaksiyon sonucu dönüştürülmüştür. Agregasyon olayı, belirli bir pH aralığında dimetilamino sübstitüe magnezyum azaftalosiyanin için incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bu bileşikler FT-IR, 1H NMR, kütle ve UV-Vis spektral değerleriyle karakterize edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Azaftalosiyanin, agregasyon, pirazin.Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (TPyPzs) are the structures that are formed from the annulation of four pyrazine rings to the porphyrazine (Pz) framework. Other extensively denomination use of TPyPz is "azaphthalocyanine"(AzaPc). In comparison to phthalocyanines (Pcs), the eight additional nitrogen atoms in TPyPzs induce large electronic effects on the structure. AzaPcs are formed by cyclotetramerisation of pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile or its substituted derivatives. Like Pcs, AzaPcs can be substituted in their peripheral 2,3-positions. This situation may further enhance their solubility of substituted TPyPzs and their metal complexes in organic solvents and also influence the electronic excitation energies of these compounds. The TPyPzs have specific optical properties because they have symmetrical rich 18 p-electron aromatic macrocycle, which can play host to different metal ions in its central cavity. Therefore, they have been extensively used in optical recording media, photosensors, optical filters and copy preventing inks. In this work, octasubstituted symmetric metallo and metal-free azapcs containing sulphur as heteroatom on the periphery and their cationic derivatives that are soluble in water were synthesized. Metallo azapcs can be readily prepared either by a direct cyclotetramerisation of dinitrile precursors like Pcs or by a metal insertion into metal-free derivative as Pzs in the presence of corresponding metal salts. Metal-free azapcs can be obtained from either dilithium or magnesium azapc using weak or strong acid. For this porpuse, 5,6-dichloropyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile 1, that is easily accessible from diaminomaleodinitrile (DAMN) in a two step reaction, was chosen as a starting material. Because of the strong electron withdrawing ability of cyano and chlorine atoms, this compound undergoes ready substitution in positions 5 ve 6 with nucleophiles like primary and secondary amines, alcoholates, thiolates. Consequently, treating 1 with 2-dimethylaminoethanthiol hydrochloride at room temperature afforded 2 in rather high yield. In order to convert to ligand 2 into azapc 3, we made use of its template reaction in the presence of magnesium propanolate. Mg azapc 3 was crystallized from ethanol/water. Treatment of Mg azapc 3 with trifluoroacetic acid gave the metal-free azapc 4. Zinc azapc 5 was prepared through the insertion of Zn ion into metal-free azapc 4. However, the cobalt azapc 6, was directly synthesized by cyclotetramerization of 2 in the presence of anhydrous cobalt acetate. When   azapcs 3 and 4 were treated with methyliodide in chloroform, the hygroscopic azapc products 7 and 8 with eight quaternary ammonium groups were obtained. The new compounds were characterized by using standard spectral methods (elemental analysis, 1H NMR, UV/Vis, IR and Mass spectroscopy).  From the FT-IR spectrum of  2 , the characteristic stretching vibrations of CºN group was observed at 2232 cm-1. When the precursor 2 was converted into new metallo or metal-free azapcs (3, 4, 5, 6), this sharp peak disappeared as a proof of the cyclotetramerization reaction of dinitrile. IR spectra of azapcs 3, 5 and 6 is similar to the IR spectrum of dinitril compound 2. In the IR spectrum of 4 the NH groups in the inner core give absorption at 3292 cm-1. Besides, no major change in the IR spectra was found after quaternization. In the 1H NMR spectrum of compound 2 (CDCl3), the aliphatic protons are observed at 3.38(S-CH2), 2.63(N-CH2) and 2.30 (CH3) ppm. 1H NMR spectra of 3 and 4 are almost the same as compound 2. However, 1H NMR spectrum of metal-free azapc 4 shows an additional peak at -3.32 ppm due to NH groups in the inner core. Furthermore, in the mass spectrum, we observed the molecular ion peaks at m/z: 337.10 for 2 and at m/z: 1410.7 for 5 which confirm the proposed structures. In the electronic absorption spectra of the complexes (3, 5 and 6), Q bands were observed at 644, 644 and 648 nm, respectively in CHCl3. The D2h symmetry of the metal-free azapc 4 is verified by two broad absorptions in the visible region (633-658 nm). A second intense and broad p-p* transition in the range 358-373 nm which is called Soret or B band is also a characteristic band as expected for tetrapyrroles. When the UV-Vis spectra of quaternized products 7 and 8 were analyzed in aqueous solution. Besides, in this study aggregation properties that can be observed at UV-vis spectrum of Mg azapc 3 were investigated by the dropwise addition of 0.01 M HCl to their THF solution.  Keywords: Azaphthalocyanine, aggregation, pyrazine