日本語のモダリテイ 習得における難しさ｣ - ｢～んです｣を例に

International audienceMes différentes expériences d'enseignement m'ont conduite à me pencher sur la problématique de l'apprentissage des expressions de la modalité en japonais. L'observation de l'emploi des étudiants d'une expression modale " ~ n desu " montre que si la règle syntaxique en japonais est comprise sans trop de difficulté, la " règle " de l'emploi des expressions de la modalité semble être plus difficile à assimiler. En observant l'emploi de cette expression modale chez les natifs japonais à partir d'un corpus, j'ai tenté de souligner l'importance de l'introduction de la notion de " modalité communicative " dans l'enseignement de la langue japonaise

Comment fixer le degré de transparence entre le japonais et le français pour un dictionnaire d'apprentissage ? Observation des énoncés en japonais et en français comprenant des expressions [cause・raison - effet ・conséquence] - le cas de [V+ kara...suru] et de [N+ de...suru]

Cet article s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un travail en équipe pour un dictionnaire d'apprentissage français - japonais pour débutant (cf. publication 2.3 infra) et présente mes premières réflexions sur la traduction entendue en terme d'apprentissage. En observant et comparant des expressions de " cause - conséquence " présentes ou décrites dans trois dictionnaires publiés au Japon (un dictionnaire français - japonais et deux dictionnaires japonais - français), j'ai essayé de dégager quelques " règles " de traduction pour favoriser davantage l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère au niveau débutant. Je me suis posée ici, plus particulièrement, la question du " degré de transparence " (lexical et/ou syntaxique) entre la langue cible et la langue maternelle de l'apprenant. Ce travail m'a montré que chaque langue a sa propre préférence dans le choix des mots et dans la construction de l'énoncé. Peut-on garder la traduction naturelle en gardant certaines transparences (lexicale et/ou syntaxique) dans le dictionnaire d'apprentissage pour débutant ? Cette nouvelle question inspire ma réflexion actuelle

Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of proton transfer in the ground state of chloromalonaldehyde: Wave-packet dynamics on effective potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality

We report on a simple but widely useful method for obtaining time-independent potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality wherein the coupling between reaction and substrate modes is embedded by averaging over an ensemble of classical trajectories. While these classically averaged potentials with their reduced dimensionality should be useful whenever a separation between reaction and substrate modes is meaningful, their use brings about significant simplification in studies of time-resolved photoelectron spectra in polyatomic systems where full-dimensional studies of skeletal and photoelectron dynamics can be prohibitive. Here we report on the use of these effective potentials in the studies of dump-probe photoelectron spectra of intramolecular proton transfer in chloromalonaldehyde. In these applications the effective potentials should provide a more realistic description of proton-substrate couplings than the sudden or adiabatic approximations commonly employed in studies of proton transfer. The resulting time-dependent photoelectron signals, obtained here assuming a constant value of the photoelectron matrix element for ionization of the wave packet, are seen to track the proton transfer

Superconductivity Above 40 K Observed in a New Iron Arsenide Oxide (Fe2As2)(Ca4(Mg,Ti)3Oy)

A new layered iron arsenide oxide (Fe2As2)(Ca4(Mg,Ti)3Oy) was discovered. Its crystal structure is tetragonal with a space group of I4/mmm consisted of the anti-fluorite type FeAs layer and blocking layer of triple perovskite cells and is identical with (Fe2As2)(Sr4(Sc,Ti)3O8) discovered in our previous study. The lattice constants of (Fe2As2)(Ca4(Mg,Ti)3Oy) are a = 3.877 A and c = 33.37 A. This compound exhibited bulk superconductivity up to 43 K in susceptibility measurement without intentional carrier doping. A resistivity drop was observed at ~47 K and zero resistance was achieved at 42 K. These values correspond to the second highest Tc among the layered iron-based superconductors after REFeAsO system

Multiple Broken Symmetries in Striped La2−x_{2-x}Bax_{x}CuO4_{4} detected by the Field Symmetric Nernst Effect

We report on a thermoelectric investigation of the stripe and superconducting phases of the cuprate La$_{2-x}$Ba$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ near the $x=1/8$ doping known to host stable stripes. We use the doping and magnetic field dependence of field-symmetric Nernst effect features to delineate the phenomenology of these phases. Our measurements are consistent with prior reports of time-reversal symmetry breaking signatures above the superconducting $T_{{\rm c}}$, and crucially detect a sharp, robust, field-invariant peak at the stripe charge order temperature, $T_{{\rm {\scriptscriptstyle CO}}}$. Our observations suggest the onset of a nontrivial charge ordered phase at $T_{{\rm {\scriptscriptstyle CO}}}$, and the subsequent presence of spontaneously generated vortices over a broad temperature range before the emergence of bulk superconductivity in LBCO

Real-time observation of intramolecular proton transfer in the electronic ground state of chloromalonaldehyde: An ab initio study of time-resolved photoelectron spectra

The authors report on studies of time-resolved photoelectron spectra of intramolecular proton transfer in the ground state of chloromalonaldehyde, employing ab initio photoionization matrix elements and effective potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality, wherein the couplings of proton motion to the other molecular vibrational modes are embedded by averaging over classical trajectories. In the simulations, population is transferred from the vibrational ground state to vibrationally hot wave packets by pumping to an excited electronic state and dumping with a time-delayed pulse. These pump-dump-probe simulations demonstrate that the time-resolved photoelectron spectra track proton transfer in the electronic ground state well and, furthermore, that the geometry dependence of the matrix elements enhances the tracking compared with signals obtained with the Condon approximation. Photoelectron kinetic energy distributions arising from wave packets localized in different basins are also distinguishable and could be understood, as expected, on the basis of the strength of the optical couplings in different regions of the ground state potential surface and the Franck-Condon overlaps of the ground state wave packets with the vibrational eigenstates of the ion potential surface

鳥類精子における細胞膜マイクロドメインの生化学的および機能的特性

この博士論文は内容の要約のみの公開（または一部非公開）になっています筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Structural Features of Layered Iron Pnictide Oxides (Fe2As2)(Sr4M2O6)

Structural features of newly found perovskite-based iron pnictide oxide system have been systematically studied. Compared to REFePnO system, perovskite-based system tend to have lower Pn-Fe-Pn angle and higher pnictogen height owing to low electronegativity of alkaline earth metal and small repulsive force between pnictogen and oxygen atoms. As-Fe-As angles of (Fe2As2)(Sr4Cr2O6), (Fe2As2)(Sr4V2O6) and (Fe2Pn2)(Sr4MgTiO6) are close to ideal tetrahedron and those pnictogen heights of about 1.40 A are close to NdFeAsO with optimized carrier concentration. These structural features of this system may leads to realization of high Tc superconductivity.Comment: 3pages, 2figures, 1table, proceedings of M2S 200

Magnetic dispersion and anisotropy in multiferroic BiFeO3

We have determined the full magnetic dispersion relations of multiferroic BiFeO3. In particular, two excitation gaps originating from magnetic anisotropies have been clearly observed. The direct observation of the gaps enables us to accurately determine the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the single ion anisotropy. The DM interaction supports a strong magneto-electric coupling in this compound.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure