1,271 research outputs found
Comment fixer le degré de transparence entre le japonais et le français pour un dictionnaire d'apprentissage ? Observation des énoncés en japonais et en français comprenant des expressions [cause・raison - effet ・conséquence] - le cas de [V+ kara...suru] et de [N+ de...suru]
Cet article s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un travail en équipe pour un dictionnaire d'apprentissage français - japonais pour débutant (cf. publication 2.3 infra) et présente mes premières réflexions sur la traduction entendue en terme d'apprentissage. En observant et comparant des expressions de " cause - conséquence " présentes ou décrites dans trois dictionnaires publiés au Japon (un dictionnaire français - japonais et deux dictionnaires japonais - français), j'ai essayé de dégager quelques " règles " de traduction pour favoriser davantage l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère au niveau débutant. Je me suis posée ici, plus particulièrement, la question du " degré de transparence " (lexical et/ou syntaxique) entre la langue cible et la langue maternelle de l'apprenant. Ce travail m'a montré que chaque langue a sa propre préférence dans le choix des mots et dans la construction de l'énoncé. Peut-on garder la traduction naturelle en gardant certaines transparences (lexicale et/ou syntaxique) dans le dictionnaire d'apprentissage pour débutant ? Cette nouvelle question inspire ma réflexion actuelle
日本語のモダリテイ 習得における難しさ」 - 「~んです」を例に
International audienceMes différentes expériences d'enseignement m'ont conduite à me pencher sur la problématique de l'apprentissage des expressions de la modalité en japonais. L'observation de l'emploi des étudiants d'une expression modale " ~ n desu " montre que si la règle syntaxique en japonais est comprise sans trop de difficulté, la " règle " de l'emploi des expressions de la modalité semble être plus difficile à assimiler. En observant l'emploi de cette expression modale chez les natifs japonais à partir d'un corpus, j'ai tenté de souligner l'importance de l'introduction de la notion de " modalité communicative " dans l'enseignement de la langue japonaise
Latency Through Uncertainty: the 1994 Matsumoto Sarin Incident as a Delayed Cultural Trauma
Cultural trauma theory has emphasised the role of social groups in narrating, and thereby attributing moral significance to, highly disruptive events. In contrast, this article draws attention to professions such as the police and the media, which act as “fact-finders” to establish the factual circumstances of events from which trauma narratives are created. The article offers a case study of the June 1994 Matsumoto Sarin Incident in Japan, a terrorist attack in which members of religious movement Aum Shinrikyō gassed residential streets using sarin. Factual uncertainties surrounding the attack, in combination with institutional failings by “fact-finders” that resulted in a false accusation, meant that carrier groups did not identify the event as one that brought a collectivity underlying values into question; in other words, cultural trauma as a discourse did not develop. It was only after Aum’s second sarin attack on the Tokyo subway in March 1995, when the true perpetrators and motives were finally uncovered, that the Matsumoto belatedly became recognised as a traumatic assault on Japan’s civic values. This article suggests that a collaborative approach combining science and technology studies (STS) with collective memory studies could provide a fruitful avenue of further research
Multiple Broken Symmetries in Striped LaBaCuO detected by the Field Symmetric Nernst Effect
We report on a thermoelectric investigation of the stripe and superconducting
phases of the cuprate LaBaCuO near the doping known
to host stable stripes. We use the doping and magnetic field dependence of
field-symmetric Nernst effect features to delineate the phenomenology of these
phases. Our measurements are consistent with prior reports of time-reversal
symmetry breaking signatures above the superconducting , and
crucially detect a sharp, robust, field-invariant peak at the stripe charge
order temperature, . Our observations
suggest the onset of a nontrivial charge ordered phase at , and the subsequent presence of spontaneously
generated vortices over a broad temperature range before the emergence of bulk
superconductivity in LBCO
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of proton transfer in the ground state of chloromalonaldehyde: Wave-packet dynamics on effective potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality
We report on a simple but widely useful method for obtaining time-independent potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality wherein the coupling between reaction and substrate modes is embedded by averaging over an ensemble of classical trajectories. While these classically averaged potentials with their reduced dimensionality should be useful whenever a separation between reaction and substrate modes is meaningful, their use brings about significant simplification in studies of time-resolved photoelectron spectra in polyatomic systems where full-dimensional studies of skeletal and photoelectron dynamics can be prohibitive. Here we report on the use of these effective potentials in the studies of dump-probe photoelectron spectra of intramolecular proton transfer in chloromalonaldehyde. In these applications the effective potentials should provide a more realistic description of proton-substrate couplings than the sudden or adiabatic approximations commonly employed in studies of proton transfer. The resulting time-dependent photoelectron signals, obtained here assuming a constant value of the photoelectron matrix element for ionization of the wave packet, are seen to track the proton transfer
鳥類精子における細胞膜マイクロドメインの生化学的および機能的特性
この博士論文は内容の要約のみの公開(または一部非公開)になっています筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201
Real-time observation of intramolecular proton transfer in the electronic ground state of chloromalonaldehyde: An ab initio study of time-resolved photoelectron spectra
The authors report on studies of time-resolved photoelectron spectra of intramolecular proton transfer in the ground state of chloromalonaldehyde, employing ab initio photoionization matrix elements and effective potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality, wherein the couplings of proton motion to the other molecular vibrational modes are embedded by averaging over classical trajectories. In the simulations, population is transferred from the vibrational ground state to vibrationally hot wave packets by pumping to an excited electronic state and dumping with a time-delayed pulse. These pump-dump-probe simulations demonstrate that the time-resolved photoelectron spectra track proton transfer in the electronic ground state well and, furthermore, that the geometry dependence of the matrix elements enhances the tracking compared with signals obtained with the Condon approximation. Photoelectron kinetic energy distributions arising from wave packets localized in different basins are also distinguishable and could be understood, as expected, on the basis of the strength of the optical couplings in different regions of the ground state potential surface and the Franck-Condon overlaps of the ground state wave packets with the vibrational eigenstates of the ion potential surface
A new unified framework for designing convex optimization methods with prescribed theoretical convergence estimates: A numerical analysis approach
We propose a new unified framework for describing and designing
gradient-based convex optimization methods from a numerical analysis
perspective. There the key is the new concept of weak discrete gradients (weak
DGs), which is a generalization of DGs standard in numerical analysis. Via weak
DG, we consider abstract optimization methods, and prove unified convergence
rate estimates that hold independent of the choice of weak DGs except for some
constants in the final estimate. With some choices of weak DGs, we can
reproduce many popular existing methods, such as the steepest descent and
Nesterov's accelerated gradient method, and also some recent variants from
numerical analysis community. By considering new weak DGs, we can easily
explore new theoretically-guaranteed optimization methods; we show some
examples. We believe this work is the first attempt to fully integrate research
branches in optimization and numerical analysis areas, so far independently
developed
Head movements induced by voluntary neck flexion stabilize sensorimotor synchronization of the finger to syncopated auditory rhythms
Head movements that are synchronized with musical rhythms often emerge during musical activities, such as hip hop dance. Although such movements are known to affect the meter and pulse perception of complex auditory rhythms, no studies have investigated their contribution to the performance of sensorimotor synchronization (SMS). In the present study, participants listened to syncopated auditory rhythms and flexed their dominant hand index finger in time with the perceived pulses (4/4 meters). In the first experiment (Exp. 1), the participants moved their heads via voluntary neck flexion to the pulses in parallel with finger SMS (Nodding condition, ND). This performance was compared with finger SMS without nodding (Without Nodding condition, WN). In the second experiment (Exp. 2), we investigated the specificity of the effect of head SMS on finger SMS confirmed in Exp. 1 by asking participants to flex their bilateral index fingers to the pulses (Bimanual condition, BM). We compared the performance of dominant hand finger SMS between the BM and ND conditions. In Exp. 1, we found that dominant hand finger SMS was significantly more stable (smaller standard deviation of asynchrony) in the ND versus WN condition (p < 0.001). In Exp. 2, dominant hand finger SMS was significantly more accurate (smaller absolute value of asynchrony) in the ND versus BM condition (p = 0.037). In addition, the stability of dominant hand finger SMS was significantly correlated with the index of phase locking between the pulses and head SMS across participants in the ND condition (r = −0.85, p < 0.001). In contrast, the stability of dominant hand finger SMS was not significantly correlated with the index of phase locking between pulses and non-dominant hand finger SMS in the BM condition (r = −0.25, p = 0.86 after multiple comparison correction). These findings suggest that SMS modulation depends on the motor effectors simultaneously involved in synchronization: simultaneous head SMS stabilizes the timing of dominant hand finger SMS, while simultaneous non-dominant hand finger SMS deteriorates the timing accuracy of dominant hand finger SMS. The present study emphasizes the unique and crucial role of head movements in rhythmic behavior
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