Causes of maternal mortality at tertiary care hospital

Background: Maternal mortality is a vital index of quality and efficiency of obstetric service, prevailing in a country. Women comprise an important section of any population and during child bearing period, the threat to life is protected by various preventive and therapeutic measures and many a time by surgical intervention.Methods: A thorough analysis of data collected. Information was obtained from case sheets, laboratory investigations. During the present study, total births include live births, still births and deaths due to abortions are also included, since it is ‘one of the important causes of maternal deaths.Results: According to the above table Eclampsia is the main cause of direct death. Out of 25vaginal deliveries 7 cases died due to PPH (26.92%).Conclusions: Maternal Mortality is a global problem every country in the world is facing .We need to target specific interventions for specific population

Performance Comparison Between HMLP, MLP And Recurrent Networks With Applications To Carbon Monoxide Concentrations Forecasting.

This paper compares the performance of Hybrid Multilayered Perceptron (HMLP) network, Multilayered Perceptron (MLP) network and Recurrent network. These networks are used to model and forecast carbon monoxide (CO) concentration

Biocontrol with Trichoderma species for the management of postharvest crown rot of banana

Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum musae cause the postharvest crown rot disease complex of banana. In vitro experiments evaluated the effect of twelve isolates of Trichoderma spp. from the soil of organic banana orchards (‘native isolates’) and eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. from culture collections (‘introduced isolates’) on the two pathogens. The native and introduced Trichoderma spp. had varied antagonistic effects against the two pathogens. Eight Trichoderma spp. isolates effective in the in vitro assays were evaluated singly on fruits both at room temperature and in cold storage. Single antagonists did not satisfactorily control crown rot on the fruits as compared with the fungicide carbendazim. However, two isolates of T. viride, one of T. harzianum and one of T. koningii performed well when applied singly, and these were selected for evaluation in isolate mixtures. There was very little antagonism between these isolates. Of 11 two-way, three-way and four-way mixtures of these isolates, the four-way and a three-way mixtures reduced crown rot incidence, both at room temperature and in cold storage, giving better control than carbendazim. The study identified consortia of compatible Trichoderma antagonists with superior biocontrol potential for the management of the postharvest crown rot complex of banana

Investigations on selected ecological parameters of Tuticorin Bay, Gulf of Mannar, south-east coast of India with emphasis on suitability for mariculture

A study was conducted for a period of two years from 2017 to 2018 to assess the health of Tuticorin Bay, south-east coast of India. Water and sediment quality parameters, total clam density, heavy metal content in the sediment and clam tissue samples from four sites were used as the criteria for health assessment. High values of parameters like salinity (38.3±5.04 ppt) and ammonia (0.09±0.04 mg l-1) were observed at the station close to the thermal power station and high nitrite (0.688±0.13 μg l-1) and total suspended solids (380.3±0.04 mgl-1) were observed at the station close to Koramballam freshwater creek. Most of the water quality variables were within the standard limit prescribed for aquaculture activities. The organic matter content in the sediment of the bay ranged from 0.26 to 5.17%. Comparatively low heavy metal concentration was observed both in the sediment and clam tissue samples. The metals were found accumulated in the order of Fe>Mn> Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd in the sediment samples and in the order Fe>Pb>Mn>Cu>Cd>Ni in clam tissue samples. The estimated levels were also within the permissible limits for most of the metals. The study indicated that Tuticorin Bay is suitable for mariculture activities

Curcumin supplementation could improve diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction associated with decreased vascular superoxide production and PKC inhibition

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Curcumin, an Asian spice and food-coloring agent, is known for its anti-oxidant properties. We propose that curcumin can improve diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction through superoxide reduction.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Diabetes (DM) was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ). Daily curcumin oral feeding was started six weeks after the STZ injection. Twelve weeks after STZ injection, mesenteric arteriolar responses were recorded in real time using intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. Superoxide and vascular protein kinase C (PKC-βII) were examined by hydroethidine and immunofluorescence, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The dilatory response to acetylcholine (ACh) significantly decreased in DM arterioles as compared to control arterioles. There was no difference among groups when sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used. ACh responses were significantly improved by both low and high doses (30 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) of curcumin supplementation. An oxygen radical-sensitive fluorescent probe, hydroethidine, was used to detect intracellular superoxide anion (O₂^●-) production. O₂^●-production was markedly increased in DM arterioles, but it was significantly reduced by supplementation of either low or high doses of curcumin. In addition, with a high dose of curcumin, diabetes-induced vascular PKC-βII expression was diminished.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Therefore, it is suggested that curcumin supplementation could improve diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction significantly in relation to its potential to decrease superoxide production and PKC inhibition.</p

Oxygen Activation and Radical Transformations in Heme Proteins and Metalloporphyrins

As a result of the adaptation of life to an aerobic environment, nature has evolved a panoply of metalloproteins for oxidative metabolism and protection against reactive oxygen species. Despite the diverse structures and functions of these proteins, they share common mechanistic grounds. An open-shell transition metal like iron or copper is employed to interact with O_2 and its derived intermediates such as hydrogen peroxide to afford a variety of metal–oxygen intermediates. These reactive intermediates, including metal-superoxo, -(hydro)peroxo, and high-valent metal–oxo species, are the basis for the various biological functions of O_2-utilizing metalloproteins. Collectively, these processes are called oxygen activation. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of these reactive intermediates has come from the study of heme-containing proteins and related metalloporphyrin compounds. These studies not only have deepened our understanding of various functions of heme proteins, such as O2 storage and transport, degradation of reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, and biological oxygenation, etc., but also have driven the development of bioinorganic chemistry and biomimetic catalysis. In this review, we survey the range of O_2 activation processes mediated by heme proteins and model compounds with a focus on recent progress in the characterization and reactivity of important iron–oxygen intermediates. Representative reactions initiated by these reactive intermediates as well as some context from prior decades will also be presented. We will discuss the fundamental mechanistic features of these transformations and delineate the underlying structural and electronic factors that contribute to the spectrum of reactivities that has been observed in nature as well as those that have been invented using these paradigms. Given the recent developments in biocatalysis for non-natural chemistries and the renaissance of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, we envision that new enzymatic and synthetic transformations will emerge based on the radical processes mediated by metalloproteins and their synthetic analogs

Structural, Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of Spray Deposited Ternary CdZns Thin Films

Nanostructured ternary CdZnS thin films with zinc concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt.%) were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer on glass substrates at 400° C. The effect of Zn doping on the structural morphological, optical and electrical properties of the films was studied. All the films exhibit hexagonal structure with a preferential orientation along the (0 0 2) plane irrespective of the Zn doping level. SEM analysis showed that the film morphology modifies from clustered grains to nanosized needle shaped grains with Zn doping. Film transparency increases with Zn doping and the film coated with 6 wt.% Zn concentration exhibit a maximum transmittance of nearly 90% in the visible region. Optical band gap was blue shifted with increase in Zn doping which is associated with Moss-Burstein (MB) effect. PL and Raman spectra implied that more defects existed in the doped samples. All the films have resistivity in the order of 101 Ω-m and the CdS film coated with 6 wt.% Zn concentration had a minimum resistivity of 0.675 x 101 Ω-m