Ethanolic Extract of Hedysarum Alpinum L Is Rich in Flavonoids and Shows Free Radical Scavenging and Psychological Modulation Activities

Hedysarum alpinum L (HA) is reported to be able to support the immune and nervous systems.  However, there is only a few reports about the pharmacological activity of this plant. In current study, we investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of an extract of HA using in vitro and iv vivo models. An extract of the specimens preserved in 70% ethanol was filtered and vacuum dried. Established conventional methods were used for quantitative determination of total phenolic and flavonoids content. Phytochemical characterization showed gallic acid, rutin, and quercetin are rich in the ethanolic extract of HA. In addition, the extract showed free radical scavenging activity on hydroxyl and lipid radicals with IC50 6.72 and 7.73 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed on rats with orally applying the HA extract and then assessed their psychological behaviors in elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field tasks. The HA extract exhibited psychological modulation activity. Our study suggests the ethanolic extract of HA could be potential to be used in the products of mood soother

Ten-years' dynamics of the normalized relative vegetation index of biomass (NDVI) in the plant cover in steppes of the northern part of central Mongolia

Today recovery of the ranchland, protection of stock-breeding business from risk and stability of economic standing of stock farmers depend on the efficient use of ranchland and regulation of the pasture load. This is why it is topical to determine the period of the pasture use of the steppe plants correctly, to identify regularities of the ranchland changing and recovery. Based on the analysis of data pf the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) for the period 2000-2010 the map of the NDVI distribution and its relative variability has been drawn up for the Northern part of Central Mongolia. By the example of the Northern part of Central Mongolia it was shown that the dominating factor affecting changes in the NDVI vegetation index is the climatic factor. Loss in the NDVI values in the steppe zone observed in the 2000-2010's and vegetation degradation most probably feature temporal cyclic nature that can be worsened due to the anthropogenic burden. Loss in the NDVI values in the steppe zone was observed in the 2000-2010's, the plant cover changes depending on the weather factors but today such changes also take place as the result of the wrong human activity. The study of distribution of the vegetation index across the Northern part of Central Mongolia and the area with the natural steppe vegetation showed the viability of the NDVI use for simulation of dynamics of the plant cover state in the agricultural regions

Childhood adversity and late-life depression: moderated mediation model of stress and social support

BackgroundAs life expectancy increases, understanding the mechanism for late-life depression and finding a crucial moderator becomes more important for mental health in older adults. Childhood adversity increases the risk of clinical depression even in old age. Based on the stress sensitivity theory and stress-buffering effects, stress would be a significant mediator, while social support can be a key moderator in the mediation pathways. However, few studies have tested this moderated mediation model with a sample of older adults. This study aims to reveal the association between childhood adversity and late-life depression in older adults, taking into consideration the effects of stress and social support.MethodsThis study used several path models to analyze the data from 622 elderly participants who were never diagnosed with clinical depression.ResultsWe found that childhood adversity increases the odds ratio of depression by approximately 20% in older adults. Path model with mediation demonstrates that stress fully mediates the pathway from childhood adversity to late-life depression. Path model with moderated mediation also illustrates that social support significantly weakens the association between childhood adversity and perceived stress.ConclusionThis study provides empirical evidence to reveal a more detailed mechanism for late-life depression. Specifically, this study identifies one crucial risk factor and one protective factor, stress and social support, respectively. This brings insight into prevention of late-life depression among those who have experienced childhood adversity

Characteristics of vegetation cover in Dry Steppe zone : case study of Altanbulag soum, Tov aimag, Mongolia

INTRODUCTION: The steppe plant type is widely distributed in the Mongolia. For the most important indicator of the steppe is Stipa and second one is Cleistogenes, Koeleria macrantha, Agropyron cristatum. The Cleistogenes - Stipa steppe which is covering in the wide valley between mountains and foot and south slope of hill is widely spreaded in the steppe region of the Mongolia. (Yantov, 1950). THE RESULT OF THE RESEARCH WORK: Under guidance of Ph.D S.Shiirev-Adiya which is Head of Laboratory of GIS, MAS, we have completed the joint field research with professor Mamoru Ishikawa and scientist Chipumi Ono of the University of the Hokkaido on July during the active period for growing of steppe plants. This field research work was intended for determine quantity of crop, research degradation by claused pasture utilization and assess the current condition of plant communities which are spreaded in Altanbulag sum of the Tuv aimag. During the research work we have specifyed weight of 360 samples to determine quantity of crop, measured and described parameters to idintify degradation of plant communities in landscapes of cropland, river valley, steppe, west and east slopes, and south slope of mountain with Stipa-Forb, Graminae - Caragana, Sedg- Elymus-Stipa, Sage-Elymus-Stipa, Sage-Sedge, Sage-Elymus, Sedge-Elymus, Sage-Forb, Potentilla-Chenopodium-Stipa, Sedge-Chenopodium and Sage. Since 4-5 years drougths which are occured year after year during the active period of growing plants and winters which had little snow have been mostly influenced into degradation of pasture. We divided in 3 categories that abovementioned point's structure and amount according to usage and percent that can be slightly grazed pasture is /20%/, moderately grazed pasture is /43.3%/ and overgrazed pasture is /36.7%/. This result shows that if total harvest amount is 58.9 g/m2 area in the case overgrazed pasture can be approximately 40.6-40.7 g/m2 area and slightly grazed pasture is can be 18.3 g/m2 area. Amount of total harvest which used moderately and over are same each other but amount of Forbs usage has reduced 2 times but amount of Sage has reduces more than two times. Amount of overgrazed pasture has reduced 4 time from others /until 8.6 g/m2/ but percents of Sage has reduces 2-3 times /63.3 g/m2/. Total field's 80 percents that has included in this research it shows that amount of category has reduced which has used. But amount of Sage percents has increased by 2-3 times which can be /33.3-63.3 g/m2/

Six Thousand Miles from Home: Mongolians in San Francisco, Bay Area and their pursuit of happiness

This research by Urtnasan Enkhbat delves into the underrepresented experiences of Mongolian immigrants in the United States, specifically focusing on those residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. Amidst the pervasive notion of the American Dream attracting diverse populations, the lives of certain Asian American subgroups remain largely overlooked in academia and society. This study seeks to shed light on the unique journey of Mongolian immigrants in a region where their presence is often marginalized. Through participant observation and interviews, this research captures the voices of Mongolian immigrants, offering them a platform to share their narratives. Despite the limitations of time and resources, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, aspirations, and nuances that characterize the lives of these individuals. Ultimately, this article contributes to amplifying the often-unheard stories of Mongolian immigrants, offering a glimpse into their pursuit of happiness thousands of miles away from their homeland

Chemical and Mineralogical Analysis of Reformed Slag During Iron Recovery from Copper Slag in the Reduction Smelting

Copper slag is usually a mixture of iron oxide and silicon dioxide, which exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2), and contains ceramic components as the SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO depending on the initial ore quality and the furnace type. Our present study was focused on manufacture of foundry pig iron with Cu content from copper slag using high-temperature reduction smelting and investigate utilization of by-products as a reformed slag, which is giving additional value to the recycling in a replacement of raw material of Portland cement. Changes of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the reformed slag are highly dependent on the CaO concentration in the slag. The chemical and mineralogical properties and microstructural analysis of the reformed slag samples were determined through X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy connected to the dispersive spectrometer studies

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc. Some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recover ferrous alloy contained Cu, a raw material of zinc, from copper slag, and produce reformed slag such as blast furnace slag for Portland cement. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 °C, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of CaO in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. The copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as fumes, by carbon during the reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5%, acid slag is completely transformed into calcium silicate slag and is observed to be like blast furnace slag

Study on Heavy Metal Removal Rates According to Lithium Content in Post-Use Induction Top Plate Comminuted Powder

This study investigated the liquid-phase adsorption reactions of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cd, Cr6+, Hg) in wastewater using post-use Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 crystalline glass derived from induction top plate materials. The heavy metal ion adsorption characteristics were compared using samples before and after the Li removal process in LAS sample. The amount of zeolite used as an adsorbent, adsorption time, concentration of heavy metal elements, and pH were examined for their effects on adsorption capacity. Lithium-removed zeolite demonstrated an average improvement of 30% in heavy metal adsorption ability compared to conventional LAS zeolite. As the amount of zeolite added increased, the heavy metal adsorption removal rate also increased. Adsorption reaction time significantly influenced adsorption characteristics, with a notable improvement in the removal rate of Cd. Additionally, the adsorption removal rate of Cd increased with increasing pH, while that of Pb and Cr6+ decreased. The adsorption characteristics of Hg were not significantly affected by pH