Giardiasis: controversy subject and prevention requirements

Giardiasis is one of the most common diseases caused by parasites in Romania with a growing prevalence. It is estimated that over 20% of the population is infested with Giardia Lamblia. It is an infection caused by Giardia lamblia (Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis). This is a microscopic organism which attaches to the intestinal mucosa, it multiplies and prevents the absorption of nutrients from food. The parasite is mainly found in contaminated water, toilets, human and animal faeces, dirt from fruit and vegetables, kindergartens, nurseries etc. It is the most common parasite in the world and one of the major causes of diarrhoea and malabsorption; children are most commonly affected, while adults are rarely affected. Some studies have shown that in time it is possible to develop immunity to Giardia, that is why adults are much less affected by this parasite. Medical controversies regarding diagnosis and treatment of this disease are largely due to the fact that symptomatology is not perfectly specific. Giardiasis may cause or maintain allergic conditions of the skin, eyes and upper and lower respiratory tract, and the ENT symptoms produced by this disease create issues of differential diagnosis. The survey we conducted at the Military Emergency Hospital Iasi in 2007-2009 on 2015 patients showed that this disease is commonly met in the age group 41-60 years, that dog owners are more prone to carry the parasite and that coprologic tests are very important

Oral cavity manifestations of malignant tumors in children

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Patologia tumorală în special tumorile maligne la copii sunt în creștere. Tot mai mulți copii sunt supuși tratamentului chimioterapeutic. Efectele adverse ale tratamentului chimioterapeutic sunt diverse. Cele manifestate în cavitatea bucală sunt cele mai frecvente și prezintă o problemă dificilă a copiilor atât în perioada de tratament, cât și după tratamentul chimioterapeutic. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea manifestărilor orale la copii provocate de tumori si efectele secundare ale chimioterapiei. Materiale și metode. Au fost examinați clinic 30 de copii cu tumori maligne care se aflau internați în secția de oncologie pediatrică Institutul Oncologic. Toți copii primeau tratament chimioterapeutic. Vârstele au fost cuprinse între 1și 18 ani. Rezultate. În total au fost examinați 30 copii(11 fete și 19 băieți). 14 pacienți cu leucemie si 16 cu alte tumori. La toți copiii s-a examinat statutul dentar cât și mucoasa cavității bucale. Indicele de frecvență (IF) a cariei în acest grup de pacienți a constituit un nivel mediu, IF = 70. Pentru leucozele acute s-a constatat leziuni ulcero-necrotice pe mucoasa gingivală, palatină, linguală și jugală. Mai frecvent au fost depistate gingivitele hipertrofice. Concluzii. Severitatea acestor simptome variază in funcție de durata terapiei, dozajele prescrise si istoricul medical personal. Efectele secundare sunt temporare. Pacienții supuși chimioterapiei pentru tratarea leucemiei sunt cel mai expuși infecțiilor grave.Introduction. Tumor pathology, especially malignant tumors in children, is increasing. More and more children are undergoing chemotherapy treatment. The adverse effects of chemotherapy treatment are diverse. Those manifested in the oral cavity are the most frequent and present a difficult problem for children both during the treatment period and after the chemotherapeutic treatment. Objective of the study. Estimation of the side effects in the oral cavity in children with malignant tumor undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment. Materials and methods. 30 children with malignant tumors who were hospitalized in the pediatric oncology department of the Oncological Institute were clinically examined. All children were receiving chemotherapy treatment. The ages were between 1 and 18 years. Results. A total of 30 children (11 girls and 19 boys) were examined. 14 patients with leukemia and 16 with other tumors. In all children, the dental status and the mucosa of the oral cavity were examined. The frequency index (FI) of cavities in this group of patients was an average level, FI = 70. For acute leukemia, ulcero-necrotic lesions were found on the gingival, palatal, lingual and jugal mucosa. Hypertrophic gingivitis was detected more frequently. Conclusions. The severity of these symptoms varies depending on the duration of the therapy, the prescribed dosages and the personal medical history. Side effects are temporary. Patients undergoing chemotherapy to treat leukemia are most at risk of serious infections