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New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland).
The Micoquian is the broadest and longest enduring cultural facies of the Late Middle Palaeolithic that spread across the periglacial and boreal environments of Europe between Eastern France, Poland, and Northern Caucasus. Here, we present new data from the archaeological record of Stajnia Cave (Poland) and the paleogenetic analysis of a Neanderthal molar S5000, found in a Micoquian context. Our results demonstrate that the mtDNA genome of Stajnia S5000 dates to MIS 5a making the tooth the oldest Neanderthal specimen from Central-Eastern Europe. Furthermore, S5000 mtDNA has the fewest number of differences to mtDNA of Mezmaiskaya 1 Neanderthal from Northern Caucasus, and is more distant from almost contemporaneous Neanderthals of Scladina and Hohlenstein-Stadel. This observation and the technological affinity between Poland and the Northern Caucasus could be the result of increased mobility of Neanderthals that changed their subsistence strategy for coping with the new low biomass environments and the increased foraging radius of gregarious animals. The Prut and Dniester rivers were probably used as the main corridors of dispersal. The persistence of the Micoquian techno-complex in South-Eastern Europe infers that this axis of mobility was also used at the beginning of MIS 3 when a Neanderthal population turnover occurred in the Northern Caucasus
Zapalenie kr膮偶ka mi臋dzykr臋gowego oraz trzon贸w kr臋g贸w — opis przypadku
Autorzy przedstawili przypadek chorego z zapaleniem kr膮偶ka mi臋dzykr臋gowego
i przyleg艂ych trzon贸w kr臋gowych. Rozpoznanie kliniczne
ustalono na podstawie wsp贸艂istnienia dolegliwo艣ci b贸lowych
o charakterze korzeniowym, niedow艂adu wiotkiego ko艅czyn
dolnych, towarzysz膮cych objaw贸w procesu zapalnego oraz obrazu
rezonansu magnetycznego. Czynnikami sprzyjaj膮cymi wyst膮pieniu
schorzenia by艂y marsko艣膰 w膮troby i cukrzyca. Etiologi臋
choroby oraz kierunek leczenia ustalono na podstawie wynik贸w
bada艅 bakteriologicznego krwi i antybiogramu. Autorzy zwr贸cili
uwag臋 na szczeg贸lne znaczenie bada艅 obrazowych w rozpoznaniu
oraz ocenie wynik贸w leczenia procesu zapalnego w obr臋bie
kr膮偶k贸w mi臋dzykr臋gowych.
Polski Przegl膮d Neurologiczny 2010; 6 (1): 50–5
Succession of Mite Assemblages (Acari, Mesostigmata) during Decomposition of Tree Leaves in Forest Stands Growing on Reclaimed Post-Mining Spoil Heap and Adjacent Forest Habitats
Mites significantly contribute, prevalently by vertical movement, to mixing of the organic layer with the mineral soil, thus they may be important in renewing soils. Our aim was to analyze the changes in abundance and species richness of mesostigmatid assemblages on decomposing leaves of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Betula pendula Roth, Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. in pine and birch stands growing on a reclaimed spoil heap and adjacent forests. In December 2013, 1024 litterbags (mesh size = 1 mm) containing leaf litter of broadleaved and coniferous trees (mean initial dry weight per sample = 5.789 g) were laid out in the same number and kind in each of the two sites. Mites were extracted from litterbags which were collected every 3⁻6 months for 3 years. In total, 6466 mites were identified in 59 taxa. Total abundance was higher on forest habitats (5174 specimens) compared to the spoil (1292), and in birch compared to pine stands, both in forest (3345, 1829, respectively) and spoil habitats (981, 311). Throughout the experiment, mites were most abundant on oak litter samples (2063 specimens), while the remaining litter types had similar abundances (1455⁻1482). At the beginning of the experiment (3⁻6 months) mite abundance was very low, but was higher on forest habitats. The highest abundance was found after 9 months—144 specimens in pine stands on the spoil heap and 685 in birch stands on forest habitats. During the study, 49 taxa were found on forest and 29 on heap habitats. In birch stands, 37 and 22 taxa were found, whereas in pine 30 and 21, on forest and heap, respectively. The most frequent species on the heap were Amblyseius tubae Karg, Asca bicornis Canestrini et Fanzago, and Asca aphidioides Linneaeus, whereas in forest habitat—Zercon peltatus C.L. Koch, Veigaia nemorensis C.L. Koch, and Trachytes aegrota C.L. Koch. Habitat conditions, tree species and litter type significantly determined the mesostigmatid species composition, richness and abundance. By selection of dominant tree species during afforestation, it is possible to significantly affect the soil fauna composition, and thus indirectly the rate of decomposition